Abstract
This study proposes employing acidified digestate solid fraction (DSF) as an effective P starter fertilizer for horticulture crops. Our investigation comprised two experiments to assess the effects of acidification and different application methods (mixed vs. acidified) of DSF on P use efficiency and root growth in horticulture crops. Acidification (7.5 % of H2SO4, ww−1) reduced the DSF pH from 9.6 to 1.6 and increased the P solubility from 14 % to 59 % of the total P. In the first experiment, we observed crop-specific responses to placement, with all ten crops exhibiting significantly higher P uptake when for acidified DSF, compared to untreated DSF mixed with the soil. Notably, root crops (carrot, onion, and fennel) and beans demonstrated the most favorable response to acidified DSF placement. The second experiment focused on six selected crops, comparing the effects of untreated DSF versus acidified DSF on root growth in rhizoboxes. Bean, pea, broccoli, carrot, and onion exhibited increased total root growth and in the soil surrounding the placement zone, due to higher P availability that boosted early-stage crop growth. Furthermore, the placement of acidified DSF also increased its sulfur fertilizer value. In conclusion, the placement of acidified DSF can make it an efficient phosphorus starter fertilizer. However, it is worth noting that the DSF has low density, and processing such as pelletization may be needed to facilitate its handling and allocation as a biobased fertilizer. Moreover, further studies are required to assess the effects on commercial yield, vegetable nutraceutical properties, and optimal application and acidification rates.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Acidification reduced digestate pH from 9.6 to 1.6.
Verbatim
e0“Acidification (7.5 % of H2SO4, ww−1) reduced the DSF pH from 9.6 to 1.6”
t0“horticulture crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidification increased digestate phosphorus solubility from 14% to 59% of total phosphorus.
Verbatim
e0“increased the P solubility from 14 % to 59 % of the total P”
t0“horticulture crops”
Claim · model-written summary
All ten crops had significantly higher phosphorus uptake with acidified digestate than with untreated digestate mixed into soil.
Verbatim
e0“all ten crops exhibiting significantly higher P uptake when for acidified DSF, compared to untreated DSF mixed with the soil”
t0“horticulture crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot, onion and fennel root crops showed the most favorable response to acidified digestate placement.
- Taxon
- carrot, onion, and fennel
Daucus carota
Allium cepa_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculume0 - Treatment
- acidified DSF placemente0
- Outcome
- most favorable responsee0
- Direction
- most favorablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“root crops (carrot, onion, and fennel) and beans demonstrated the most favorable response to acidified DSF placement”
Claim · model-written summary
Beans showed the most favorable response to acidified digestate placement.
Verbatim
e0“root crops (carrot, onion, and fennel) and beans demonstrated the most favorable response to acidified DSF placement”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean total root growth increased with acidified digestate.
Verbatim
e0“Bean, pea, broccoli, carrot, and onion exhibited increased total root growth and in the soil surrounding the placement zone, due to higher P availability”
e1“comparing the effects of untreated DSF versus acidified DSF on root growth in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea total root growth increased with acidified digestate.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- acidified DSFe1
- Outcome
- total root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated DSFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean, pea, broccoli, carrot, and onion exhibited increased total root growth”
e1“comparing the effects of untreated DSF versus acidified DSF on root growth in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli total root growth increased with acidified digestate.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- acidified DSFe1
- Outcome
- total root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated DSFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean, pea, broccoli, carrot, and onion exhibited increased total root growth”
e1“comparing the effects of untreated DSF versus acidified DSF on root growth in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot total root growth increased with acidified digestate.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- acidified DSFe1
- Outcome
- total root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated DSFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean, pea, broccoli, carrot, and onion exhibited increased total root growth”
e1“comparing the effects of untreated DSF versus acidified DSF on root growth in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion total root growth increased with acidified digestate.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- acidified DSFe1
- Outcome
- total root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated DSFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean, pea, broccoli, carrot, and onion exhibited increased total root growth”
e1“comparing the effects of untreated DSF versus acidified DSF on root growth in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidified digestate placement increased sulfur fertilizer value.
Verbatim
e0“placement of acidified DSF also increased its sulfur fertilizer value”
t0“horticulture crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidified digestate placement can serve as an efficient phosphorus starter fertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“placement of acidified DSF can make it an efficient phosphorus starter fertilizer”
t0“horticulture crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Pelletization may be needed to handle and place low-density digestate.
Verbatim
e0“DSF has low density, and processing such as pelletization may be needed to facilitate its handling and allocation as a biobased fertilizer”
t0“horticulture crops”
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