Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the adversity stresses plants face, and antioxidant defense mechanisms play an essential role in plant resistance. We investigated the effects of exogenous calcium on the antioxidant defense system in peanut seedling roots that are under salt stress by using indices including the transcriptome and absolute quantitative metabolome of flavonoids. Under salt stress conditions, the antioxidant defense capacity of enzymatic systems was weakened and the antioxidant capacity of the linked AsA-GSH cycle was effectively inhibited. In contrast, the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway and its upstream glycolysis metabolism pathway became active, which stimulated shikimate biosynthesis and the downstream phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, resulting in an increased accumulation of flavonoids, which, as one of the antioxidants in the non-enzymatic system, provide hydroxyl radicals to scavenge the excess reactive oxygen species and maintain the plant's vital activities. However, the addition of exogenous calcium caused changes in the antioxidant defense system in the peanut root system. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle were enhanced. Therefore, glycolysis and phenylpropanoid metabolism do not exert antioxidant function, and flavonoids were no longer synthesized. In addition, antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle showed a trade-off relationship with sugars and flavonoids.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress weakened enzymatic antioxidant defense capacity.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defense capacity of enzymatic systemse0
- Direction
- weakenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress conditions, the antioxidant defense capacity of enzymatic systems was weakened”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress inhibited antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity of the linked AsA-GSH cyclee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress conditions, the antioxidant defense capacity of enzymatic systems was weakened and the antioxidant capacity of the linked AsA-GSH cycle was effectively inhibited”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate biosynthesis and upstream glycolysis became active under salt stress.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- ascorbate biosynthesis pathway and its upstream glycolysis metabolism pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway and its upstream glycolysis metabolism pathway became active”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Shikimate and downstream phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were stimulated.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- shikimate biosynthesis and the downstream phenylpropanoid metabolism pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which stimulated shikimate biosynthesis and the downstream phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid accumulation increased under salt stress.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- accumulation of flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in an increased accumulation of flavonoids”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoids were asserted to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Compound
- flavonoidse0
- Outcome
- excess reactive oxygen speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoids, which, as one of the antioxidants in the non-enzymatic system, provide hydroxyl radicals to scavenge the excess reactive oxygen species”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- exogenous calciumt1
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle were enhanced”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Exogenous Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium enhanced antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- exogenous calciumt1
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cyclee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle were enhanced”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Exogenous Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium addition, flavonoids were no longer synthesized.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- exogenous calciumt1
- Outcome
- flavonoids were no longer synthesizede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoids were no longer synthesized”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Exogenous Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle showed a trade-off with sugars and flavonoids.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Compound
- sugars and flavonoidse0
- Outcome
- trade-off relationshipe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle showed a trade-off relationship with sugars and flavonoids”
t0“Peanut”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
salinity · physiology: enzyme activity · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.