Abstract
Cold stress severely restricts growth and development, reduces yields, and impairs quality in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Amylase-associated starch degradation and soluble sugar accumulation have been implicated in adaptation and resistance to abiotic stress. Here, we report a β-amylase (BAM) gene, SlBAM3, which plays a central role in tomato cold tolerance. The expression of SlBAM3 was triggered by cold stress. SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance. Expression analysis revealed that the SlBAM3 transcript level was boosted by MeJA. Furthermore, MYC2, an essential component of the JA signaling pathway, could bind to the SlBAM3 promoter and directly activate SlBAM3 transcription, as revealed by yeast one-hybrid and dual LUC assays. In addition, the suppression of MYC2 resulted in increased starch accumulation, decreased soluble sugar content, and reduced tolerance to cold stress in tomato plants. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that JA positively regulates β-amylase-associated starch degradation through the MYC2-SlBAM3 module in tomato during cold stress. The results of the present work expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BAM gene activation and starch catabolism under cold stress. The regulatory module of SlBAM3 can be further utilized to breed tomato cultivars with enhanced cold tolerance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SlBAM3 knockout retarded starch degradation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 systeme1
- Gene
- SlBAM3e1
- Outcome
- starch degradatione1
- Direction
- retardede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBAM3 knockout reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 systeme1
- Gene
- SlBAM3e1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBAM3 knockout attenuated cold tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 systeme1
- Gene
- SlBAM3e1
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee1
- Direction
- attenuatinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA boosted the SlBAM3 transcript level in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- MeJAe2
- Gene
- SlBAM3e2
- Outcome
- SlBAM3 transcript levele2
- Direction
- boostede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance”
e2“Expression analysis revealed that the SlBAM3 transcript level was boosted by MeJA”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress triggered SlBAM3 expression in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Gene
- SlBAM3e0
- Outcome
- expression of SlBAM3e0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of SlBAM3 was triggered by cold stress”
e1“SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
MYC2 binds the SlBAM3 promoter and directly activates SlBAM3 transcription in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- MYC2e3
- Outcome
- SlBAM3 transcriptione3
- Qualifier
- directly activatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance”
e3“MYC2, an essential component of the JA signaling pathway, could bind to the SlBAM3 promoter and directly activate SlBAM3 transcription, as revealed by yeast one-hybrid and dual LUC assays”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of MYC2 increased starch accumulation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- the suppression of MYC2e4
- Gene
- MYC2e4
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the suppression of MYC2 resulted in increased starch accumulation, decreased soluble sugar content, and reduced tolerance to cold stress in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of MYC2 decreased soluble sugar content in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- the suppression of MYC2e4
- Gene
- MYC2e4
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the suppression of MYC2 resulted in increased starch accumulation, decreased soluble sugar content, and reduced tolerance to cold stress in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of MYC2 reduced tolerance to cold stress in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- the suppression of MYC2e4
- Gene
- MYC2e4
- Outcome
- tolerance to cold stresse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the suppression of MYC2 resulted in increased starch accumulation, decreased soluble sugar content, and reduced tolerance to cold stress in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA positively regulates β-amylase-associated starch degradation through the MYC2-SlBAM3 module in tomato during cold stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Gene
- MYC2-SlBAM3e5
- Compound
- JAe5
- Outcome
- β-amylase-associated starch degradatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“these findings demonstrate that JA positively regulates β-amylase-associated starch degradation through the MYC2-SlBAM3 module in tomato during cold stress”
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