Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the number of spray applications of a plant extract (Benefits®PZ) on the growth and quality of kiwifruit. Single, double, and triple spray applications from two weeks to four weeks after anthesis were compared with a control to test 'Sweet Gold' and 'Jecy Gold' which are major varieties with yellow-flesh grown on Jeju Island. In both cultivars, as the number of spray applications was increased, the fruit size increased, as did the fruit length, diameter, and fruit weight, with deterioration of fruit quality parameters such as the dry matter and flesh color not observed. The increased fruit size was associated mainly with the enlargement of the fruit core and outer pericarp tissues, which in turn was associated with increases in both the cell number and size of fruit core tissue, but also with increases in the number of small cells and the sizes of the large cells from the outer pericarp tissue. There was little effect of the plant growth regulator spray treatments on the fruit quality during room temperature storage, and yellow-flesh coloration tended to be even higher in the treated than in the untreated case. The starch contents were not affected by plant growth regulator spraying at 150 days after full bloom (DAF), at which starch accumulation was maximized, in both cultivars. However, As the treatment period prolonged, differences began to emerge and continued to widen over time. The content of soluble sugars began to increase rapidly at 120 days DAF and showed differences between treatments around 170–180 DAF, but the tendency of those responses was not distinct depending on cultivars. Consequently, the findings here indicated that the plant extract (Benefits®PZ) spray contributed to an increase in the fruit size and affected the cell number and size, with no detrimental side-effects on the fruit quality. The response of starch and soluble sugars content to spraying differed between the two cultivars, and no distinct tendency was observed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In both kiwifruit cultivars, fruit size increased as the number of spray applications increased, compared with a control.
- Taxon
- Kiwifruits
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Treatment
- Single, double, and triple spray applicationse1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the number of spray applications was increased, the fruit size increased”
e1“Single, double, and triple spray applications from two weeks to four weeks after anthesis were compared with a control”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
In both kiwifruit cultivars, fruit length, diameter and fruit weight increased as the number of spray applications increased, compared with a control.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- Single, double, and triple spray applicationse1
- Outcome
- fruit length, diameter, and fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the number of spray applications was increased, the fruit size increased, as did the fruit length, diameter, and fruit weight”
e1“Single, double, and triple spray applications from two weeks to four weeks after anthesis were compared with a control”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing spray applications, no deterioration of fruit quality parameters such as dry matter and flesh color was observed in either cultivar.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- Single, double, and triple spray applicationse1
- Outcome
- deterioration of fruit quality parameters such as the dry matter and flesh colore0
- Direction
- not observede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with deterioration of fruit quality parameters such as the dry matter and flesh color not observed”
e1“Single, double, and triple spray applications from two weeks to four weeks after anthesis were compared with a control”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased kiwifruit size was associated mainly with enlargement of the fruit core and outer pericarp tissues.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit core and outer pericarp tissuese0
- Outcome
- increased fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased fruit size was associated mainly with the enlargement of the fruit core and outer pericarp tissues”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Enlargement of the fruit core was associated with increases in both cell number and cell size of the fruit core tissue.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit core tissuee0
- Outcome
- cell number and sizee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which in turn was associated with increases in both the cell number and size of fruit core tissue”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Enlargement of the outer pericarp was associated with increases in the number of small cells and the sizes of the large cells of the outer pericarp tissue.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- outer pericarp tissuee0
- Outcome
- number of small cells and the sizes of the large cellse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but also with increases in the number of small cells and the sizes of the large cells from the outer pericarp tissue”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulator spray treatments had little effect on kiwifruit quality during room temperature storage.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- plant growth regulator spray treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Qualifier
- during room temperature storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was little effect of the plant growth regulator spray treatments on the fruit quality during room temperature storage, and yellow-flesh coloration tended to be even higher in the treated than in the untreated case”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow-flesh coloration tended to be higher in plant growth regulator-treated kiwifruit than in untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- plant growth regulator spray treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yellow-flesh coloratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- tended to be even highere0
- Comparator
- untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was little effect of the plant growth regulator spray treatments on the fruit quality during room temperature storage, and yellow-flesh coloration tended to be even higher in the treated than in the untreated case”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch contents were not affected by plant growth regulator spraying at 150 days after full bloom, when starch accumulation was maximal, in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- plant growth regulator sprayinge0
- Outcome
- starch contentse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- at 150 days after full bloom (DAF)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The starch contents were not affected by plant growth regulator spraying at 150 days after full bloom (DAF), at which starch accumulation was maximized, in both cultivars”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The content of soluble sugars in kiwifruit began to increase rapidly at 120 days after full bloom.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- content of soluble sugarse0
- Qualifier
- began to increase rapidly at 120 days DAFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of soluble sugars began to increase rapidly at 120 days DAF”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar content showed differences between spray treatments around 170-180 days after full bloom, but the tendency was not distinct depending on cultivars.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- content of soluble sugarse0
- Qualifier
- around 170–180 DAFe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of soluble sugars began to increase rapidly at 120 days DAF and showed differences between treatments around 170–180 DAF, but the tendency of those responses was not distinct depending on cultivars”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of starch and soluble sugar contents to spraying differed between the two cultivars, with no distinct tendency observed.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Outcome
- response of starch and soluble sugars contente0
- Direction
- differede0
- Qualifier
- no distinct tendency was observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of starch and soluble sugars content to spraying differed between the two cultivars, and no distinct tendency was observed”
t0“Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruits”
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