Abstract
Recently, the use of silicon and bio-fertilizer has become important worldwide to improve the physicochemical characteristics of soil. Thus, they are used as an alternative approach to cope with the water-deficit stress on wheat plant. In this regard, a split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2017 and 2018 at Sistan and Baluchestan Research Station, Iran. In the present study, treatments included water-deficit stress (irrigation after 60, 120, and 180 mm of evaporation from Class A pan) as the main plot, as well as the application of silicic acid (Si) foliar nutrition (0, 1, and 1.5 mM) and Nitro-Kara bio-fertilizer as sub-plots. The results represented the significant interaction effects of irrigation regimes, bio-fertilizer, and Si on 1000-grain weight and panicle number. In addition, the co-application of Nitro-Kara and Si fertilizers (1 mM) under irrigation after 120 mm evaporation led to the highest grain per panicle (44 number), which reflected a 21.36% increase compared to the control. The greatest 1000-grain weight (39.66 g) was obtained by inoculating seed with Nitro-Kara and without to apply Si fertilizer under 120 mm irrigation treatment in the first year. Further, inoculation under moderate stress (120 mm) in the second year demonstrated the highest grain yield (5,256.3 kg ha-1). Furthermore, a high chlorophyll index (57.6) was achieved when consuming 1.5 mM Si fertilizer and without Nitro Kara under 120 mm irrigation regime during the first year, which had a 20.2% enhancement compared to the control treatment. Under low irrigation conditions, the use of Nitro-Kara bio-fertilizer and Si fertilizer resulted generally in improving physiological parameters and increasing the growth and yield indices of wheat.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation, biofertilizer and Si interacted significantly for 1000-grain weight and panicle number.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- 1000-grain weight and panicle numbere0
- Qualifier
- interaction effects of irrigation regimes, bio-fertilizer, and Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results represented the significant interaction effects of irrigation regimes, bio-fertilizer, and Si on 1000-grain weight and panicle number.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitro-Kara and 1 mM Si at 120 mm evaporation produced 44 grains per panicle, a 21.36% increase.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-application of Nitro-Kara and Si fertilizers (1 mM)e0
- Outcome
- grain per paniclee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44 numbere0
- Qualifier
- 21.36% increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the co-application of Nitro-Kara and Si fertilizers (1 mM) under irrigation after 120 mm evaporation led to the highest grain per panicle (44 number), which reflected a 21.36% increase compared to the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitro-Kara without Si at 120 mm irrigation gave the greatest first-year 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculating seed with Nitro-Kara and without to apply Si fertilizere0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 39.66 ge0
- Qualifier
- 120 mm irrigation treatment in the first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest 1000-grain weight (39.66 g) was obtained by inoculating seed with Nitro-Kara and without to apply Si fertilizer under 120 mm irrigation treatment in the first year.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitro-Kara under moderate stress gave highest second-year grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation under moderate stress (120 mm)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5,256.3 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation under moderate stress (120 mm) in the second year demonstrated the highest grain yield (5,256.3 kg ha-1).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
1.5 mM Si without Nitro Kara at 120 mm irrigation gave a chlorophyll index of 57.6, 20.2% above control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1.5 mM Si fertilizer and without Nitro Karae0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 57.6e0
- Qualifier
- 20.2%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high chlorophyll index (57.6) was achieved when consuming 1.5 mM Si fertilizer and without Nitro Kara under 120 mm irrigation regime during the first year, which had a 20.2% enhancement compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitro-Kara and Si generally improved physiology, growth and yield under low irrigation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nitro-Kara bio-fertilizer and Si fertilizere0
- Outcome
- physiological parameters and increasing the growth and yield indicese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low irrigation conditions, the use of Nitro-Kara bio-fertilizer and Si fertilizer resulted generally in improving physiological parameters and increasing the growth and yield indices of wheat.”
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