Abstract
The continuous use of crop residue in soil can enhance the crop yield and potential availability and mobility of P fractions to crops in conservation tillage. A field experiment was conducted to assess the long-term effects of surface crop residue applications on soil P fractions and their relationship with P uptake and crop yields. Field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India during 2005 to 2022. The experimental treatments applied were: T1 - no crop residue application, T2 - application of crop residue @ 2 t ha-1, T3 - application of crop residue @ 4 t ha-1, and T4 - application of crop residue @ 6 t ha-1 in conservation tillage. The test crops viz. sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were grown in a yearly rotation every year in the kharif season in conservation tillage. The results of the long-term study revealed that the per cent increase in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) grain yield with the application of crop residue at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 t crop residue ha-1was to the tune of 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0%, respectively over no crop residue application. Similarly, the per cent increase in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seed yield was to the extent of 25.2, 43.0 and 64.1% in 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1, respectively over no crop residue application. The sorghum and cowpea stover yield also significantly (p=0.05%) increased with the added levels of the crop residue. Significantly higher P uptake by sorghum and cowpea was recorded in 6 t crop residue ha-1 as compared to the other crop residue treatments. Results of the current study also showed the significant positive response of long-term crop residue application on the P fractions viz., water-soluble phosphorus (WS-P), aluminum bound P (Al-P), iron bound P (Fe-P), calcium bound P (Ca-P) and reductant soluble P (RS-P), and on available P and total P in soil as compared to no crop residue application. The average percent contribution of P fractions toward the sum-total of extracted P was in the order: Fe-P (30.8%)>RS-P (30.7%)>Al-P (24.2%)>Ca-P (9.4%)>WS-P (4.8%). The WS-P and Al-P were found to be the P fractions indicating their specificity by cowpea crop, and WS-P and Ca-P were found to be P fractions indicating their specificity by sorghum crop. The results of the present study will be highly useful in understanding the effect of crop residue application in conservation tillage on the P fractions and their contribution toward P uptake and crop yields.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue application increased sorghum grain yield by 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0% over no residue
- Treatment
- crop residue at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 t crop residue ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0%e0
- Comparator
- no crop residue applicatione0
- Setting
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Indiae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“per cent increase in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) grain yield with the application of crop residue at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 t crop residue ha-1was to the tune of 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0%, respectively over no crop residue application”
e7“Field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India during 2005 to 2022”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue application increased cowpea seed yield by 25.2, 43.0 and 64.1% over no residue
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Treatment
- crop residuee1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 25.2, 43.0 and 64.1%e1
- Comparator
- no crop residue applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the per cent increase in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seed yield was to the extent of 25.2, 43.0 and 64.1% in 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1, respectively over no crop residue application”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue significantly increased stover yield of sorghum and cowpea
- Taxon
- sorghum and cowpeaVigna unguiculata
Sorghume2 - Treatment
- crop residuee2
- Outcome
- stover yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The sorghum and cowpea stover yield also significantly (p=0.05%) increased with the added levels of the crop residue”
Claim · model-written summary
P uptake by sorghum and cowpea was significantly higher with 6 t crop residue per hectare than with other residue treatments
- Taxon
- sorghum and cowpeaVigna unguiculataSorghume3
- Treatment
- 6 t crop residue ha-1e3
- Outcome
- P uptakee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- the other crop residue treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Significantly higher P uptake by sorghum and cowpea was recorded in 6 t crop residue ha-1 as compared to the other crop residue treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term crop residue application positively affected soil P fractions, available P and total P
- Treatment
- long-term crop residue applicatione4
- Outcome
- P fractionse4
- Direction
- positive responsee4
- Comparator
- no crop residue applicatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the significant positive response of long-term crop residue application on the P fractions viz., water-soluble phosphorus (WS-P), aluminum bound P (Al-P), iron bound P (Fe-P), calcium bound P (Ca-P) and reductant soluble P (RS-P), and on available P and total P in soil as compared to no crop residue application”
e0“per cent increase in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) grain yield with the application of crop residue at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 t crop residue ha-1was to the tune of 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0%, respectively over no crop residue application”
Claim · model-written summary
Average percent contribution of soil P fractions was in the order Fe-P > RS-P > Al-P > Ca-P > WS-P
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The average percent contribution of P fractions toward the sum-total of extracted P was in the order: Fe-P (30.8%)>RS-P (30.7%)>Al-P (24.2%)>Ca-P (9.4%)>WS-P (4.8%)”
e0“per cent increase in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) grain yield with the application of crop residue at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 t crop residue ha-1was to the tune of 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0%, respectively over no crop residue application”
Claim · model-written summary
WS-P and Al-P indicated their specificity to cowpea
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae6
- Outcome
- WS-P and Al-Pe6
- Qualifier
- indicating their specificitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The WS-P and Al-P were found to be the P fractions indicating their specificity by cowpea crop”
Claim · model-written summary
WS-P and Ca-P indicated their specificity to sorghum
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“WS-P and Ca-P were found to be P fractions indicating their specificity by sorghum crop”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.