Abstract
In addition to being environmentally hazardous, using an excessive quantity of chemical nitrogen fertilizer to boost crop output is not economically viable. In this study, flame seedless grapevines were fertilized with chemical nitrogen fertilizer and compost for two seasons (2021 and 2022) to assess nitrogen (N) application from various sources for minimized nitrogen leaching and raised grapevine production. The results showed that applying compost as an organic nitrogen source, either at a rate of 100% or combined with 50% ammonia sulfate (fast-release) or 50% Enciabeen (slow-release), was highly effective in reducing soil bulk density, improving soil fertility and water movement, and controlling nitrogen loss compared to using nitrogen entirely in mineral form. Compared to 100% ammonia sulfate, co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen resulted in a significant yield increase of 18% in the first season and 43% in the second season. The results of principal component analysis revealed that co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen or co-applying 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% compost as an organic nitrogen source caused a gradual improvement in berry quality, increased Total soluble solid (TSS) %, berry weight, and dimensions, TSS/acid, and total sugars %. Moreover, co-applying slow- and fast-release fertilizers or combining mineral fertilizers with organic materials is the most effective approach to improving soil characteristics, increasing grape production, enhancing seedless grapevine quality, and reducing nitrogen loss. Adding compost to farmlands improved most physical and hydraulic soil properties, especially those with low organic matter and poor structure.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Compost as the organic nitrogen source reduced soil bulk density compared with mineral nitrogen alone.
- Treatment
- applying compost as an organic nitrogen sourcee1
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- using nitrogen entirely in mineral forme1
- Setting
- arid regions, El-Minia, Egyptt0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e1“applying compost as an organic nitrogen source, either at a rate of 100% or combined with 50% ammonia sulfate (fast-release) or 50% Enciabeen (slow-release), was highly effective in reducing soil bulk density, improving soil fertility and water movement, and controlling nitrogen loss compared to using nitrogen entirely in mineral form”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost as the organic nitrogen source improved soil fertility and water movement compared with mineral nitrogen alone.
- Treatment
- applying compost as an organic nitrogen sourcee1
- Outcome
- soil fertility and water movemente1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- using nitrogen entirely in mineral forme1
- Setting
- arid regions, El-Minia, Egyptt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e1“applying compost as an organic nitrogen source, either at a rate of 100% or combined with 50% ammonia sulfate (fast-release) or 50% Enciabeen (slow-release), was highly effective in reducing soil bulk density, improving soil fertility and water movement, and controlling nitrogen loss compared to using nitrogen entirely in mineral form”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost as the organic nitrogen source controlled nitrogen loss compared with mineral nitrogen alone.
- Treatment
- applying compost as an organic nitrogen sourcee1
- Outcome
- nitrogen losse1
- Direction
- controllinge1
- Comparator
- using nitrogen entirely in mineral forme1
- Setting
- arid regions, El-Minia, Egyptt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e1“applying compost as an organic nitrogen source, either at a rate of 100% or combined with 50% ammonia sulfate (fast-release) or 50% Enciabeen (slow-release), was highly effective in reducing soil bulk density, improving soil fertility and water movement, and controlling nitrogen loss compared to using nitrogen entirely in mineral form”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applying mineral nitrogen at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen gave a yield increase of 18% in the first season compared with 100% ammonia sulfate.
- Treatment
- co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeene2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 18%e2
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone2
- Comparator
- 100% ammonia sulfatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e2“Compared to 100% ammonia sulfate, co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen resulted in a significant yield increase of 18% in the first season and 43% in the second season”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applying mineral nitrogen at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen gave a yield increase of 43% in the second season compared with 100% ammonia sulfate.
- Treatment
- co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeene2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 43%e2
- Qualifier
- in the second seasone2
- Comparator
- 100% ammonia sulfatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e2“Compared to 100% ammonia sulfate, co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen resulted in a significant yield increase of 18% in the first season and 43% in the second season”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applying mineral nitrogen with compost or slow-release fertilizer gave a gradual improvement in berry quality.
- Treatment
- co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeene3
- Outcome
- berry qualitye3
- Direction
- improvemente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e3“The results of principal component analysis revealed that co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen or co-applying 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% compost as an organic nitrogen source caused a gradual improvement in berry quality, increased Total soluble solid (TSS) %, berry weight, and dimensions, TSS/acid, and total sugars %”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applying mineral nitrogen with 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen increased total soluble solids, berry weight and berry dimensions.
- Treatment
- co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeene3
- Outcome
- Total soluble solid (TSS) %, berry weight, and dimensionse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e3“The results of principal component analysis revealed that co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen or co-applying 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% compost as an organic nitrogen source caused a gradual improvement in berry quality, increased Total soluble solid (TSS) %, berry weight, and dimensions, TSS/acid, and total sugars %”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applying mineral nitrogen with 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen increased TSS/acid and total sugars.
- Treatment
- co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeene3
- Outcome
- TSS/acid, and total sugars %e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e3“The results of principal component analysis revealed that co-applying mineral nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% Enciabeen or co-applying 50% ammonia sulfate and 50% compost as an organic nitrogen source caused a gradual improvement in berry quality, increased Total soluble solid (TSS) %, berry weight, and dimensions, TSS/acid, and total sugars %”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining mineral fertilizers with organic materials is the most effective approach to improving soil characteristics and seedless grapevine quality, and to reducing nitrogen loss.
Verbatim
e4“co-applying slow- and fast-release fertilizers or combining mineral fertilizers with organic materials is the most effective approach to improving soil characteristics, increasing grape production, enhancing seedless grapevine quality, and reducing nitrogen loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding compost to farmland improved most physical and hydraulic soil properties.
- Treatment
- Adding compost to farmlandse5
- Outcome
- physical and hydraulic soil propertiese5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt”
e5“Adding compost to farmlands improved most physical and hydraulic soil properties, especially those with low organic matter and poor structure”
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