Abstract
Two field trials were conducted on a private farm in El Gharbaniat, Borg El-Arab (latitude 30°55 N and longitude 29°32 E), Alexandria Governorate, Egypt, in 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 to investigate the influence of zeolite and foliar application with boron on the yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) grown in calcareous soil conditions. The study included twelve treatments that combined four zeolite doses (0, 250, 450, and 650 kg fed-1) and three boron levels applied as boric acid 17% boron (0, 100, and 200 ppm) sprayed at 60 and 80 days after sowing, utilizing a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The results revealed that increasing the zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1 markedly improved the leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1, sucrose percent, quality index, root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton) in both seasons. The extracted sugar percentage increased in the first season but remained unaffected in the second one. Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased. It is recommended that sugar beets be grown in calcareous sandy soil mixed with 650 kg/fed zeolite and that 200 ppm boron foliar spray be applied to maximize root and sugar yields and reduce root impurities.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zeolite to 650 kg fed-1 improved leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR).
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that increasing the zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1 markedly improved the leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1, sucrose percent, quality index, root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton) in both seasons.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zeolite to 650 kg fed-1 improved root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that increasing the zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1 markedly improved the leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1, sucrose percent, quality index, root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton) in both seasons.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zeolite to 650 kg fed-1 improved sucrose percent, quality index.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- sucrose percent, quality indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that increasing the zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1 markedly improved the leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1, sucrose percent, quality index, root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton) in both seasons.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zeolite to 650 kg fed-1 improved root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton).
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that increasing the zeolite level to 650 kg fed-1 markedly improved the leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), root fresh weight (RFW), diameter, number of roots fed-1, sucrose percent, quality index, root and sugar yields fed-1 (ton) in both seasons.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracted sugar percentage increased in the first season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- zeolitet0
- Outcome
- extracted sugar percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extracted sugar percentage increased in the first season but remained unaffected in the second one.”
t0“ZEOLITE AND BORON ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracted sugar percentage was unaffected in the second season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- zeolitet0
- Outcome
- extracted sugar percentagee0
- Direction
- remained unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- second onee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extracted sugar percentage increased in the first season but remained unaffected in the second one.”
t0“ZEOLITE AND BORON ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 ppm boron gave the highest LAI, RGR.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- LAI, RGRe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 ppm boron gave the highest root diameter, fresh weight.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- root diameter, fresh weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 ppm boron gave the highest sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentagese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 ppm boron gave the highest root and sugar yields/fed.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- root and sugar yields/fede0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 ppm boron decreased sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %).
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 ppm boron decreased K and Na contents.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- K and Na contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 200 ppm boron resulted in the highest values for LAI, RGR, root diameter, fresh weight, sucrose, and extracted sugar (ES %) percentages, root and sugar yields/fed, while the sugar lost to molasses % (SLM %), K and Na contents decreased.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 650 kg/fed zeolite and 200 ppm boron spray to maximize yields and reduce impurities.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 650 kg/fed zeolitee0
- Outcome
- maximize root and sugar yields and reduce root impuritiese0
- Setting
- calcareous sandy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is recommended that sugar beets be grown in calcareous sandy soil mixed with 650 kg/fed zeolite and that 200 ppm boron foliar spray be applied to maximize root and sugar yields and reduce root impurities.”
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