Abstract
Climate change manifests itself in various ways, including drought, which is a worldwide phenomenon. The rising frequency and intensity of drought stress have emerged as significant threats to agricultural productivity worldwide. Water shortages during critical growth stages hinder crop productivity and production, significantly impacting global food security. Drought-induced stress disrupts plant metabolic processes, leading to reduced biomass accumulation and grain formation. Silicon (Si) has been widely recognized for its ability to enhance plant resilience under both normal and stressful conditions by improving physiological, biochemical and morphological traits. This study evaluates the role of irrigation and foliar silicon application in improving barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growth, yield attributes and biochemical responses. The findings reveal significant effects of irrigation and silicon treatments, highlighting their role in mitigating drought-induced stress. Among the treatments, four irrigations (I3) significantly improved morphological traits, yield attributes and yield and biochemical parameters of barley. Additionally, foliar silicon application at 0.5 % demonstrated a notable ameliorate effect on plant growth, yield attributes and relative water content. Silicon supplementation helps to improve osmotic balance, enzyme activity and defense mechanisms, which could possibly play a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance. Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis, identified key variables distinguishing treatment responses under drought stress. Furthermore, classification based on stress tolerance indices provided insights into the effectiveness of different silicon levels in enhancing drought resistance. These findings highlight the potential of integrating irrigation management with silicon supplementation to enhance barley’s adaptation to drought stress, offering valuable implications for sustainable crop production in arid and water-limited agroecosystems. An overdose of foliar silicon negatively impacted my barley crop by reducing growth and yield due to potential nutrient imbalances and physiological stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Four irrigations significantly improved morphological traits and yield attributes of barley.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- four irrigations (I3)e1
- Outcome
- morphological traits, yield attributese1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, four irrigations (I3) significantly improved morphological traits, yield attributes and yield and biochemical parameters of barley”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Four irrigations significantly improved yield and biochemical parameters of barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- four irrigations (I3)e1
- Outcome
- yield and biochemical parameterse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, four irrigations (I3) significantly improved morphological traits, yield attributes and yield and biochemical parameters of barley”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon at 0.5 % had a notable ameliorating effect on barley growth, yield attributes and relative water content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- foliar silicon application at 0.5 %e2
- Outcome
- plant growth, yield attributes and relative water contente2
- Direction
- amelioratee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“foliar silicon application at 0.5 % demonstrated a notable ameliorate effect on plant growth, yield attributes and relative water content”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supplementation may enhance barley drought tolerance by improving osmotic balance, enzyme activity and defense mechanisms.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Silicon supplementatione3
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee3
- Qualifier
- improve osmotic balance, enzyme activity and defense mechanismse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Silicon supplementation helps to improve osmotic balance, enzyme activity and defense mechanisms, which could possibly play a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and silicon treatments had significant effects in mitigating drought-induced stress in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- irrigation and silicon treatmentse4
- Outcome
- mitigating drought-induced stresse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The findings reveal significant effects of irrigation and silicon treatments, highlighting their role in mitigating drought-induced stress”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Multivariate analysis identified key variables distinguishing barley treatment responses under drought stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- drought stresse5
- Outcome
- key variables distinguishing treatment responses under drought stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis, identified key variables distinguishing treatment responses under drought stress”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress tolerance indices showed the effectiveness of different silicon levels in enhancing barley drought resistance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- different silicon levelse6
- Outcome
- drought resistancee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“classification based on stress tolerance indices provided insights into the effectiveness of different silicon levels in enhancing drought resistance”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
Claim · model-written summary
An overdose of foliar silicon reduced barley growth and yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree7
- Treatment
- An overdose of foliar silicone7
- Outcome
- growth and yielde7
- Direction
- reducinge7
- Qualifier
- due to potential nutrient imbalances and physiological stresse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“An overdose of foliar silicon negatively impacted my barley crop by reducing growth and yield due to potential nutrient imbalances and physiological stress”
t0“Synergistic effects of water management and silicon on barley growth and yield under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India”
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