Abstract
• A lemon verbena essential oil nanoemulsion was prepared using the phase-inversion method. • Nanoemulsions have been used to improve the postharvest quality of Thamson fruits. • NL coating, especially at 2 %, positively affected fruit quality. • Nanoemulsions are natural preservatives for the postharvest storage of fruits. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Lemon verbena essential oil (LVEO) nanoemulsion coating on the postharvest quality of Thomson Navel orange ( Citrus sinensis cv. Thomson Navel). Nanoemulsions were prepared using the emulsion phase-inversion method. The effects of nanoemulsion (NL) solutions containing 0.25 % (NL 0.25 ), 0.50 % (NL 0.50 ), 0.75 % (NL 0.75 ), 1.00 % (NL 1.00 ), 1.50 % (NL 1.50 ), and 2.00 % (NL 2.00 ) of LVEO on Thomson Navel fruits were investigated during a 100-day storage under cold conditions. The following results are the notable impact of coating treatments on the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the Thomson fruit at the end of storage. NL 2.00 coated fruits had the lowest pH (3.90 ± 0.03), and highest titratable acidity (0.79 ± 0.05 %), and vitamin C content [45.4 ± 1.6 mg ascorbic acid/100 g fresh weight (FW)] compared to the other treatments. Coated fruits with NL 0.75 had the best effect on tannins and carotenoid content, with 1.7 ± 0.1 mg tannic acid equivalent/mL Juice and 227 ± 7 mg/100 mL Juice concentration, respectively. NL 0.50 -coated fruits showed the highest antioxidant capacity (48.39 %) and total phenolic content [11.6 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight]. The control group showed higher total soluble solids (16 ± 0.0 %), and NL 1.00 treatment was the most beneficial for preserving total flavonoid content (9.1 ± 0.6 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g fresh weight) in coated fruits. Principal component analysis outputs were consistent with our results, indicating that the NL 1.00 treatment exhibited the highest total flavonoid content. The hierarchical cluster analysis on day 100 showed fruits treated with NL 0.25 and NL 0.75 had similar phytochemical and antioxidant parameters to those of the control during the 20-day storage period. The results of this study indicate the potential of LVEO nanoemulsion as a natural preservative for the postharvest storage of fruits.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NL 2.00 coated oranges had the lowest pH, 3.90 ± 0.03.
Verbatim
e0“NL 2.00 coated fruits had the lowest pH (3.90 ± 0.03), and highest titratable acidity (0.79 ± 0.05 %), and vitamin C content [45.4 ± 1.6 mg ascorbic acid/100 g fresh weight (FW)] compared to the other treatments”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 2.00 coated oranges had the highest titratable acidity, 0.79 ± 0.05 %.
Verbatim
e0“NL 2.00 coated fruits had the lowest pH (3.90 ± 0.03), and highest titratable acidity (0.79 ± 0.05 %), and vitamin C content [45.4 ± 1.6 mg ascorbic acid/100 g fresh weight (FW)] compared to the other treatments”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 2.00 coated oranges had the highest vitamin C content, 45.4 ± 1.6 mg per 100 g fresh weight.
Verbatim
e0“NL 2.00 coated fruits had the lowest pH (3.90 ± 0.03), and highest titratable acidity (0.79 ± 0.05 %), and vitamin C content [45.4 ± 1.6 mg ascorbic acid/100 g fresh weight (FW)] compared to the other treatments”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 0.75 coated oranges had the best tannin content, 1.7 ± 0.1 mg tannic acid equivalent/mL Juice.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Treatment
- NL 0.75e0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 1.7 ± 0.1 mg tannic acid equivalent/mL Juicee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Coated fruits with NL 0.75 had the best effect on tannins and carotenoid content, with 1.7 ± 0.1 mg tannic acid equivalent/mL Juice and 227 ± 7 mg/100 mL Juice concentration, respectively”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 0.75 coated oranges had the best carotenoid content, 227 ± 7 mg/100 mL Juice.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Treatment
- NL 0.75e0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 227 ± 7 mg/100 mL Juicee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Coated fruits with NL 0.75 had the best effect on tannins and carotenoid content, with 1.7 ± 0.1 mg tannic acid equivalent/mL Juice and 227 ± 7 mg/100 mL Juice concentration, respectively”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 0.50 coated oranges had the highest antioxidant capacity, 48.39 %.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NL 0.50 -coated fruits showed the highest antioxidant capacity (48.39 %) and total phenolic content [11.6 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight]”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 0.50 coated oranges had the highest total phenolic content, 11.6 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Treatment
- NL 0.50e0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.6 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NL 0.50 -coated fruits showed the highest antioxidant capacity (48.39 %) and total phenolic content [11.6 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight]”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Control oranges had higher total soluble solids, 16 ± 0.0 %.
Verbatim
e0“The control group showed higher total soluble solids (16 ± 0.0 %)”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
NL 1.00 best preserved total flavonoids, 9.1 ± 0.6 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- oranget0
- Treatment
- NL 1.00e0
- Outcome
- total flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- most beneficiale0
- Value
- 9.1 ± 0.6 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NL 1.00 treatment was the most beneficial for preserving total flavonoid content (9.1 ± 0.6 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g fresh weight) in coated fruits”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 100, NL 0.25 fruit phytochemical and antioxidant parameters resembled those of controls during the 20-day storage period.
Verbatim
e0“The hierarchical cluster analysis on day 100 showed fruits treated with NL 0.25 and NL 0.75 had similar phytochemical and antioxidant parameters to those of the control during the 20-day storage period”
t0“orange”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 100, NL 0.75 fruit phytochemical and antioxidant parameters resembled those of controls during the 20-day storage period.
Verbatim
e0“The hierarchical cluster analysis on day 100 showed fruits treated with NL 0.25 and NL 0.75 had similar phytochemical and antioxidant parameters to those of the control during the 20-day storage period”
t0“orange”
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