Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm (AB Block), Kalyani under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya during the winter season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 in upland situations to study the effect of different sowing windows and weed management measures on growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replications. Three sowing times (timely, late and very late) in the main plot and eight weed management options, viz. pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb carfentrazone 20 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb pinoxaden 50 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS, hand weeding thrice (at 20, 35 and 50 DAS) and weedy check in sub -plots. At 30 DAS, more weed density was observed with the timely sowing condition and reduced with the date of progress of wheat sowing. However, broad -leaf weed density was less with very late sown conditions and significantly superior to all other main plot treatments. With different subplot treatments, the lowest density of grasses was found with hand weeding thrice and was followed by pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/ha, and was statistically better to all other treatments except pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS. However, at 60 and 90 DAS, the lowest density of grassy, BLWs and sedges was observed with the timely sown condition and significantly better than other treatments. With various herbicidal treatments, the lowest density of grasses registered with the pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding and markedly better than all other treatments except hand weeding thrice. Total uptake of nutrients was lowest with the timely sown condition and was notably better than all other main plot treatments. Among herbicidal treatments, significantly lower uptake by weed was seen with pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS and pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha. Grain yield varies significantly with sowing windows and weed management measures. More grain yield was found with timely sown conditions and was statistically better than other main plot treatments. Timely sown conditions gain 97.6 and 45.86 % more grain yield over very late sown situations. Among various integrated weed management options more grain yield gain with hand weeding thrice and was at par with pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/ha and pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb pinoxaden 50 g/ha. The study concluded that sequential/tank-mix application of pre- and or post-emergence herbicide could be adopted with appropriate sowing time for broad-spectrum control of weeds in wheat.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 DAS weed density was higher with timely sowing and fell as sowing was delayed.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- 30 DASe0
- Treatment
- timely sowing conditione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- date of progress of wheat sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 30 DAS, more weed density was observed with the timely sowing condition and reduced with the date of progress of wheat sowing”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Very late sowing had less broad-leaf weed density than other sowing times.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- very late sown conditionse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- broad -leaf weed densitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- all other main plot treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broad -leaf weed density was less with very late sown conditions and significantly superior to all other main plot treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Three hand weedings gave the lowest grass density among subplot treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hand weeding thricee0
- Interactor
- grassese0weed
- Outcome
- density of grassese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest density of grasses was found with hand weeding thrice”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by metsulfuron and carfentrazone ranked next for lower grass density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/hae0
- Interactor
- grassese1weed
- Outcome
- density of grassese1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Comparator
- all other treatments except pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was followed by pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/ha, and was statistically better to all other treatments except pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS”
e1“the lowest density of grasses was found with hand weeding thrice”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 and 90 DAS timely sowing gave the lowest grassy, broad-leaf weed, and sedge density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- 60 and 90 DASe0
- Treatment
- timely sown conditione0
- Interactor
- BLWse0weed
- Outcome
- density of grassy, BLWs and sedgese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 60 and 90 DAS, the lowest density of grassy, BLWs and sedges was observed with the timely sown condition and significantly better than other treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by hand weeding gave the lowest grass density among herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weedinge0
- Interactor
- grassese0weed
- Outcome
- density of grassese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- all other treatments except hand weeding thricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest density of grasses registered with the pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding and markedly better than all other treatments except hand weeding thrice”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Timely sowing had the lowest total nutrient uptake by weeds among sowing times.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timely sown conditione0
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- uptake by weede1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- all other main plot treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total uptake of nutrients was lowest with the timely sown condition and was notably better than all other main plot treatments”
e1“significantly lower uptake by weed”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by hand weeding reduced weed nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- uptake by weede0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lower uptake by weed was seen with pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by clodinafop-propargyl reduced weed nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- uptake by weede0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lower uptake by weed was seen with pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS and pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Timely sowing increased grain yield over other sowing times.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timely sown conditionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Moree0
- Comparator
- other main plot treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More grain yield was found with timely sown conditions and was statistically better than other main plot treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Timely sowing produced 97.6% more grain yield than very late sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Timely sown conditionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 97.6 and 45.86 %e0
- Comparator
- very late sown situationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timely sown conditions gain 97.6 and 45.86 % more grain yield over very late sown situations”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Three hand weedings gave the greatest grain yield among weed management options.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hand weeding thricee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- at par with pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/ha and pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb pinoxaden 50 g/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among various integrated weed management options more grain yield gain with hand weeding thrice and was at par with pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb clodinafop-propargyl 60 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb metsulfuron 4 g/ha + carfentrazone 20 g/ha and pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb pinoxaden 50 g/ha”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend sequential or tank-mix herbicide use with appropriate sowing time for broad-spectrum weed control in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sequential/tank-mix application of pre- and or post-emergence herbicidee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad-spectrum control of weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential/tank-mix application of pre- and or post-emergence herbicide could be adopted with appropriate sowing time for broad-spectrum control of weeds in wheat”
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