Paper · 2025 · HortTechnology

Cold Moist Stratification and Acid Scarification Do Not Significantly Enhance Hemp Seed Germination

Michelle M. McDonald; Jessica D. Lubell-Brand

7
claims
14
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Hemp ( Cannabis sativa ) seed germination can be variable and unreliable. Exposure of seeds at 7 days postharvest for 10 minutes in sulfuric acid increased germination percent for ‘Tsunami’ but not for ‘Cherry Wine’ × ‘Tsunami’ or ‘Tangerine’ × ‘Tsunami’. Seeds stored dry in plastic bags at room temperature (20 °C) for 60 days lost germination ability, but seeds undergoing cold (4 °C) moist stratification had maintained germination ability at >75% germination. Cold moist stratification for 30 to 60 days or exposure for 10 minutes to sulfuric acid may increase germination for recalcitrant hemp seed like ‘Tsunami’.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulfuric acid increased germination of Tsunami seeds at seven days postharvest.

Material
‘Tsunami’e0
Treatment
Exposure of seeds at 7 days postharvest for 10 minutes in sulfuric acide0
Outcome
germination percente0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“Exposure of seeds at 7 days postharvest for 10 minutes in sulfuric acid increased germination percent for ‘Tsunami’”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 74–189 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulfuric acid did not increase germination in Cherry Wine × Tsunami.

Material
‘Cherry Wine’ × ‘Tsunami’e0
Outcome
note0

Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“but not for ‘Cherry Wine’ × ‘Tsunami’”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 190–227 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulfuric acid did not increase germination in Tangerine × Tsunami.

Material
‘Tangerine’ × ‘Tsunami’e0
Outcome
note0

Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“but not for ‘Cherry Wine’ × ‘Tsunami’ or ‘Tangerine’ × ‘Tsunami’”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 190–254 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dry room-temperature storage for 60 days reduced seed germination ability.

Treatment
stored dry in plastic bags at room temperature (20 °C) for 60 dayse0
Outcome
germination abilitye0
Direction
loste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“Seeds stored dry in plastic bags at room temperature (20 °C) for 60 days lost germination ability”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–353 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cold moist stratification maintained more than 75% germination ability.

Treatment
cold (4 °C) moist stratificatione0
Outcome
germination abilitye0
Direction
maintainede0
Value
>75% germinatione0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“seeds undergoing cold (4 °C) moist stratification had maintained germination ability at >75% germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 359–463 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest cold moist stratification for 30 to 60 days may increase germination of recalcitrant hemp seed.

Outcome
Cold moist stratification for 30 to 60 dayse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“Cold moist stratification for 30 to 60 days or exposure for 10 minutes to sulfuric acid may increase germination for recalcitrant hemp seed like ‘Tsunami’”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 465–619 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest ten-minute sulfuric acid exposure may increase germination of recalcitrant hemp seed.

Outcome
exposure for 10 minutes to sulfuric acide0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Hemp Seed Germination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–99 · show in text ↑
e0

“Cold moist stratification for 30 to 60 days or exposure for 10 minutes to sulfuric acid may increase germination for recalcitrant hemp seed like ‘Tsunami’”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 465–619 · show in text ↑

cold · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

seed treatment · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results

9 papers: 8 positive, 1 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

storage · growth · Cannabis sativaResults agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. no effect
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.