Abstract
The bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is an important pathogen that causes wilt disease in tomatoes, leading to a reduction in tomato yield. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants against the wilt-causing bacterium R. solanacearum in tomatoes under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Forty-eight fungi were isolated from 20 medicinal plant species using the surface sterilization technique. The antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum was subsequently examined using the agar plug diffusion test. Two isolates, Hypoxylon sp. NGPM and Hypoxylon saxatilis KKU-KHP 01, were identified from the midrib of the Acanthus ebracteatus and the petiole of the Gardenia saxatilis (Geddes), respectively. Furthermore, the biologically active compounds extracted from both fungal endophytes inhibited the pathogen in the fungal fermentation broth. Notably, H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01 is a newly identified fungal species and the first within its genus to produce tetrahydrofuran, a novel compound not previously reported as a natural secondary metabolite. This compound exhibits inhibitory activity against the phytopathogen R. solanacearum . Scanning electron microscopy revealed that exposure to pure tetrahydrofuran caused structural damage to the bacterial cell wall, resulting in visibly wrinkled cells. Additionally, under greenhouse conditions, the crude extract of H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01 could reduce the severity of wilt disease by up to 83.33%, effectively caused by tetrahydrofuran. Therefore, tetrahydrofuran can be applied to control wilt disease in tomatoes under field conditions and can be further developed as a commercial biocontrol agent.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxylon sp. NGPM was identified from Acanthus ebracteatus midrib.
- Taxon
- Acanthus ebracteatus
Acanthus ebracteatuse0 - Organ / stage
- midribe0
- Interactor
- Hypoxylon sp. NGPMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Hypoxylon sp. NGPMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hypoxylon sp. NGPM and Hypoxylon saxatilis KKU-KHP 01, were identified from the midrib of the Acanthus ebracteatus and the petiole of the Gardenia saxatilis (Geddes), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxylon saxatilis KKU-KHP 01 was identified from Gardenia saxatilis petiole.
- Taxon
- Gardenia saxatilis
Gardenia saxatilise0 - Organ / stage
- petiolee0
- Interactor
- Hypoxylon saxatilis KKU-KHP 01Hypoxylon saxatilis (nom. inval.)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Hypoxylon saxatilis KKU-KHP 01e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hypoxylon sp. NGPM and Hypoxylon saxatilis KKU-KHP 01, were identified from the midrib of the Acanthus ebracteatus and the petiole of the Gardenia saxatilis (Geddes), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compounds extracted from both endophytes inhibited the tomato wilt pathogen in fermentation broth.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- biologically active compounds extracted from both fungal endophytese0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogen - Outcome
- pathogene0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biologically active compounds extracted from both fungal endophytes inhibited the pathogen in the fungal fermentation broth”
e1“The bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is an important pathogen that causes wilt disease in tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The new Hypoxylon saxatilis species produced tetrahydrofuran, newly reported as a natural secondary metabolite.
- Taxon
- Gardenia saxatilisGardenia saxatilise1
- Interactor
- H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01Hypoxylon saxatilis (nom. inval.)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- produce tetrahydrofurane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01 is a newly identified fungal species and the first within its genus to produce tetrahydrofuran, a novel compound not previously reported as a natural secondary metabolite”
e1“the petiole of the Gardenia saxatilis (Geddes)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetrahydrofuran inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- tetrahydrofurane1
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory activity against the phytopathogen R. solanacearume0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This compound exhibits inhibitory activity against the phytopathogen R. solanacearum”
e1“tetrahydrofuran, a novel compound”
e2“causes wilt disease in tomatoes, leading to a reduction in tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure tetrahydrofuran exposure damaged bacterial cell walls and wrinkled cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- pure tetrahydrofurane0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- structural damage to the bacterial cell wall, resulting in visibly wrinkled cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to pure tetrahydrofuran caused structural damage to the bacterial cell wall, resulting in visibly wrinkled cells”
e1“causes wilt disease in tomatoes, leading to a reduction in tomato yield”
e2“phytopathogen R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude H. saxatilis extract reduced tomato wilt severity by up to 83.33% in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- crude extract of H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01Hypoxylon saxatilis (nom. inval.)e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severity of wilt diseasee0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 83.33%e0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under greenhouse conditions, the crude extract of H. saxatilis KKU-KHP 01 could reduce the severity of wilt disease by up to 83.33%”
t0“tomato”
e1“The bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is an important pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend tetrahydrofuran for field tomato wilt control and commercial biocontrol development.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tetrahydrofurane0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- control wilt diseasee0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tetrahydrofuran can be applied to control wilt disease in tomatoes under field conditions and can be further developed as a commercial biocontrol agent”
e1“The bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is an important pathogen”
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.