Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2024 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, to evaluate the impact of agronomic biofortification with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117. The study utilized a randomized block design with nine treatments, including control and combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with soil and foliar applications of ZnSO₄ and FeSO₄. Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77). This integrated approach proved effective for improving maize productivity, nutritional quality, and profitability under semi-arid conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- plant populatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.28 plants/m rowe0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant height (55.9%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 55.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation (67.12%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 67.12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced grains/cob (57.85%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- grains/cobe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 57.85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced grain yield (87.85%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 87.85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced N (108%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 108%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced P (154%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 154%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced K (144%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 144%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced protein content (11.58%).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 11.58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced net return (₹102,715/ha).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- ₹102,715/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced B:C ratio (1.77).
- Material
- DHM 117e1
- Treatment
- RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 1.77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the treatment RDF + soil application of ZnSO₄ @ 20 kg/ha + 0.5% FeSO₄ foliar spray at 45 days after sowing (DAS) significantly enhanced plant population (8.28 plants/m row at 30 DAS), plant height (up to 55.9% increase at harvest), dry matter accumulation (up to 67.12% increase), yield attributes (e.g., 57.85% more grains/cob), grain yield (87.85% increase to 74.84 q/ha), nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K increases of 108%, 154%, and 144% in grain), protein content (11.58% increase), and economic returns (net return of ₹102,715/ha, B:C ratio 1.77)”
t0“maize”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM 117”
The same questions in other papers
zinc sulfate · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
123 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
124 papers more in this group
See all 128 papers →iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
zinc sulfate · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →8 of 18 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.