Abstract
Rice cultivation with brackish water irrigation represents an effective practice to ameliorate coastal saline soils, while the application of slow and controlled release fertilizers (SCRFs) further mitigates its adverse effects on nitrogen (N) use efficiency. This study conducted a field soil column experiment with coastal saline soils (soil salinity: 2.20 g kg −1 ) to evaluate the combined impact of brackish water irrigation (fresh water: 0.15 g L −1 , brackish water: 1.00–1.50 and 1.35–2.00 g L −1 ) and N fertilizer types (urea, polyurethane-coated urea (PCU), and urea formaldehyde) on rice yield and N use efficiency, addressing the critical challenge of water-fertilizer management in coastal saline regions. Results showed that compared with fresh water irrigation, brackish water irrigation significantly inhibited the growth of rice root, leading to a significant reduction in root morphological characteristics( P < 0.05). This inhibitory effect was particularly pronounced under the higher salinity treatment (W3). These reductions impaired nutrient and water absorption, leading to a decrease in crop yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) ( P < 0.05). The application of SCRFs significantly promoted the development of fine root systems. Root length, tip number, branch number, and cross number under the SCRFs treatments were significantly higher than those under the urea treatment ( P < 0.05). As a result, SCRFs mitigated the negative effects of brackish water irrigation on rice yield and ANUE. Overall, our key practical recommendation for rice cultivation in coastal saline regions is as follows: irrigating with brackish water of salinity below 1.5 g L −1 , combined with basal application of PCU. This integrated water-fertilizer management strategy not only optimizes the utilization of unconventional brackish water resources but also enhances N fertilizer efficiency while ensuring stable crop yields. Thus, it provides a science-based and feasible practice for the sustainable utilization of coastal saline soils. • Brackish water irrigation inhibited root growth, crop yield, and N use efficiency. • SCRFs mitigated brackish water-induced reductions in crop yield and NUE. • Integrating brackish water (<1.5 g L −1 ) irrigation with PCU is an optimized management strategy.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Brackish irrigation reduced rice root morphology versus fresh water.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- brackish water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- root morphological characteristicse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- fresh water irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with fresh water irrigation, brackish water irrigation significantly inhibited the growth of rice root, leading to a significant reduction in root morphological characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salinity W3 produced particularly pronounced root inhibition.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“This inhibitory effect was particularly pronounced under the higher salinity treatment (W3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root reductions impaired nutrient and water absorption.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These reductions impaired nutrient and water absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
Brackish irrigation decreased crop yield.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“leading to a decrease in crop yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) ( P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brackish irrigation decreased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“leading to a decrease in crop yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) ( P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
SCRFs significantly promoted fine root development versus urea.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of SCRFs significantly promoted the development of fine root systems”
Claim · model-written summary
SCRFs increased root length, tips and branches relative to urea.
- Treatment
- SCRFs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Root length, tip number, branch numbere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- urea treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Root length, tip number, branch number, and cross number under the SCRFs treatments were significantly higher than those under the urea treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SCRFs increased root cross number relative to urea.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“cross number under the SCRFs treatments were significantly higher than those under the urea treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SCRFs mitigated brackish irrigation effects on rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SCRFse0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Comparator
- brackish water irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCRFs mitigated the negative effects of brackish water irrigation on rice yield and ANUE”
Claim · model-written summary
SCRFs mitigated brackish irrigation effects on ANUE.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SCRFse0
- Outcome
- ANUEe0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Comparator
- brackish water irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCRFs mitigated the negative effects of brackish water irrigation on rice yield and ANUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend brackish water below 1.5 g L −1 with basal PCU.
- Outcome
- irrigating with brackish water of salinity below 1.5 g L −1 , combined with basal application of PCUe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“irrigating with brackish water of salinity below 1.5 g L −1 , combined with basal application of PCU”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
201 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
216 papers more in this group
See all 220 papers →fertilization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
669 papers in the same direction as this paper · 81 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
755 papers more in this group
See all 759 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.