Abstract
Abstract The current study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacteria causing tomato wilt disease and combat it using safe and environmentally friendly methods due to the importance of accurate identification in successful control programs. The results of molecular identification By analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. showed that the bacteria causing the wilt is Ralstonia solanacearum , which was registered as R. solanacearum strain R-2/Tikrit on the NCBI website under the accession number PQ637149.1. In testing the pathogenicity of this bacteria on 10 tomato hybrids, the results showed varying infections for these hybrids. The tomato hybrids Maysara, Zidane and Randa showed high sensitivity to infection with R. solanacearum , while the hybrids; Barcelona, Julie and Rowan were highly resistant to infection with this bacteria. The Ethanol extract of the fruit bodies of the basidiomycetes Flammulina velutipes showed the highest activity in inhibiting the growth of R. solanacearum compared to the aqueous extract, as confirmed by the superiority of the Ethanol extract in containing the highest concentrations of glycosides, tannins, saponins, total phenols and total alkaloids. The bactericide Cure 100 and sodium bicarbonate recorded the highest inhibition of 3.3 and 2.6 cm at concentrations of 1 and 10%, respectively. According to these results, it is possible to exploit extracts of the edible mushroom F. velutipes alone or with low concentrations of sodium bicarbonate and the bactericide Cure 100 as one of the integrated control methods for tomato wilt bacteria.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato hybrids Maysara, Zidane and Randa were highly sensitive to infection with R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt1 - Material
- Maysara, Zidane and Randae1
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogen - Outcome
- sensitivity to infectione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e1“The tomato hybrids Maysara, Zidane and Randa showed high sensitivity to infection with R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato hybrids Barcelona, Julie and Rowan were highly resistant to infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Material
- Barcelona, Julie and Rowane2
- Outcome
- infectione2
- Qualifier
- highly resistante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e2“the hybrids; Barcelona, Julie and Rowan were highly resistant to infection with this bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Ralstonia solanacearum was identified as the bacterium causing the tomato wilt.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume3pathogen
- Outcome
- the bacteria causing the wilte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e3“showed that the bacteria causing the wilt is Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extract of Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies showed the highest activity in inhibiting growth of R. solanacearum compared with aqueous extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- Ethanol extract of the fruit bodies of the basidiomycetes Flammulina velutipese4
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Flammulina velutipes
Flammulina velutipese4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth of R. solanacearume4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- aqueous extracte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e4“The Ethanol extract of the fruit bodies of the basidiomycetes Flammulina velutipes showed the highest activity in inhibiting the growth of R. solanacearum compared to the aqueous extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extract contained the highest concentrations of glycosides, tannins and saponins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- Ethanol extracte5
- Outcome
- concentrations of glycosides, tannins, saponinse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e5“as confirmed by the superiority of the Ethanol extract in containing the highest concentrations of glycosides, tannins, saponins, total phenols and total alkaloids”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extract contained the highest total phenols and total alkaloids.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- Ethanol extracte5
- Outcome
- total phenols and total alkaloidse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e5“as confirmed by the superiority of the Ethanol extract in containing the highest concentrations of glycosides, tannins, saponins, total phenols and total alkaloids”
Claim · model-written summary
The bactericide Cure 100 recorded the highest inhibition of tomato wilt bacteria, 3.3 cm, at 1% concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- bactericide Cure 100e6
- Outcome
- inhibitione6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 3.3e6
- Qualifier
- at concentrations of 1 and 10%, respectivelye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e6“The bactericide Cure 100 and sodium bicarbonate recorded the highest inhibition of 3.3 and 2.6 cm at concentrations of 1 and 10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium bicarbonate recorded the highest inhibition of tomato wilt bacteria, 2.6 cm, at 10% concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- sodium bicarbonatee6
- Outcome
- inhibitione6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 2.6e6
- Qualifier
- at concentrations of 1 and 10%, respectivelye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Caused Tomato Wilt Disease”
e6“The bactericide Cure 100 and sodium bicarbonate recorded the highest inhibition of 3.3 and 2.6 cm at concentrations of 1 and 10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of the edible mushroom F. velutipes, alone or with low sodium bicarbonate and Cure 100, could be used as one of the integrated control methods for tomato wilt bacteria.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- extracts of the edible mushroom F. velutipese7
- Outcome
- integrated control methodse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“it is possible to exploit extracts of the edible mushroom F. velutipes alone or with low concentrations of sodium bicarbonate and the bactericide Cure 100 as one of the integrated control methods for tomato wilt bacteria”
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27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.