Abstract
The field experiments were conducted in the middle Gangetic plain sub-tropical region of India. The objective of the research was to assess the nutrient uptake and quality of potato tubers under various irrigation schedules and commercial amino acid biostimulant (AAB) treatments. The field trial used a split-plot design incorporating three irrigation schedules at key crop growth stages: three irrigation stages (I 1 ; 3 irrigations), four stages (I 2 ; 4 irrigations), and five stages (I 3 ; 5 irrigations), along with four different sources of AAB: A 0 (control), A 1 (Siapton 10 L), A 2 (Amino acid liquid), and A 3 (Amino Plus), combined with the recommended dose of fertilizers. The quality and nutrient uptake of the tubers were significantly enhanced by spraying all the sources of AAB. The plant-based biostimulant (A 2 ) led to the greatest increase in total soluble solids (TSS, 18.12 to 28.20%), starch (21.36 to 23.93%), and protein content (2.11 to 2.76%), followed by the mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 ), and the lowest response was observed with the animal-based biostimulants (A 1 ). The maximum nutrient uptake was observed with the A 2 treatment, with nitrogen uptake ranging from 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha − 1 , 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha − 1 , and 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1 . Maximum phosphorus uptake by A 2 ranged from 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha − 1 , 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha − 1 , and 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1 . The same trend was observed for potassium uptake. Regarding the irrigation schedule, all treatments showed significant effects, with the maximum tuber yield (230.5 and 226.1 q ha − 1 during the first and second years, respectively) recorded with the I 2 irrigation (4 irrigation stages), followed by I 3 (5 irrigations) and I 1 (3 irrigations). The greatest potato yield (239.0 and 234.2 q ha − 1 during the first and second years, respectively) was observed with A 2 . Significant interaction effects between different irrigation schedules and AAB treatments were found, with the highest interaction effect on tuber yield (255.0 and 241.3 q ha − 1 during the first and second years, respectively) recorded with the I 2 A 2 combination, followed by other treatment combinations. The impact of the irrigation schedule on nutrient uptake and tuber quality was found to be insignificant. These findings suggest that foliar application of AAB can improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by facilitating easier nutrient absorption and enhancing potato tuber quality.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying all sources of amino acid biostimulant significantly enhanced tuber quality and nutrient uptake relative to the control.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- spraying all the sources of AABe1
- Outcome
- quality and nutrient uptake of the tuberse1
- Direction
- significantly enhancede1
- Comparator
- A 0 (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e0“four different sources of AAB: A 0 (control), A 1 (Siapton 10 L), A 2 (Amino acid liquid), and A 3 (Amino Plus)”
e1“The quality and nutrient uptake of the tubers were significantly enhanced by spraying all the sources of AAB”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant-based biostimulant A 2 gave the greatest increase in total soluble solids (18.12 to 28.20%).
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- plant-based biostimulant (A 2 )e2
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse2
- Direction
- greatest increasee2
- Value
- 18.12 to 28.20%e2
- Comparator
- mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 )e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e2“The plant-based biostimulant (A 2 ) led to the greatest increase in total soluble solids (TSS, 18.12 to 28.20%), starch (21.36 to 23.93%), and protein content (2.11 to 2.76%)”
e3“followed by the mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 ), and the lowest response was observed with the animal-based biostimulants (A 1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant-based biostimulant A 2 gave the greatest increase in starch (21.36 to 23.93%).
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- plant-based biostimulant (A 2 )e2
- Outcome
- starche2
- Direction
- greatest increasee2
- Value
- 21.36 to 23.93%e2
- Comparator
- mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 )e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e2“The plant-based biostimulant (A 2 ) led to the greatest increase in total soluble solids (TSS, 18.12 to 28.20%), starch (21.36 to 23.93%), and protein content (2.11 to 2.76%)”
e3“followed by the mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 ), and the lowest response was observed with the animal-based biostimulants (A 1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant-based biostimulant A 2 gave the greatest increase in protein content (2.11 to 2.76%).
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- plant-based biostimulant (A 2 )e2
- Outcome
- protein contente2
- Direction
- greatest increasee2
- Value
- 2.11 to 2.76%e2
- Comparator
- mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 )e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e2“The plant-based biostimulant (A 2 ) led to the greatest increase in total soluble solids (TSS, 18.12 to 28.20%), starch (21.36 to 23.93%), and protein content (2.11 to 2.76%)”
e3“followed by the mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 ), and the lowest response was observed with the animal-based biostimulants (A 1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The animal-based biostimulant A 1 gave the lowest quality response of the four AAB sources.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- animal-based biostimulants (A 1 )e3
- Outcome
- responsee3
- Direction
- loweste3
- Comparator
- plant-based biostimulant (A 2 )e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e2“The plant-based biostimulant (A 2 ) led to the greatest increase in total soluble solids (TSS, 18.12 to 28.20%), starch (21.36 to 23.93%), and protein content (2.11 to 2.76%)”
e3“followed by the mixture amino acid biostimulants (A 3 ), and the lowest response was observed with the animal-based biostimulants (A 1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum nitrogen uptake at 30 DAS was 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha-1 under the A 2 treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2 treatmente4
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha − 1e4
- Qualifier
- at 30, 60, and 90 DASe4
- Comparator
- A 3 and A 1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e4“The maximum nutrient uptake was observed with the A 2 treatment, with nitrogen uptake ranging from 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha − 1 , 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha − 1 , and 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum nitrogen uptake at 60 DAS was 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha-1 under the A 2 treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2 treatmente4
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha − 1e4
- Qualifier
- at 30, 60, and 90 DASe4
- Comparator
- A 3 and A 1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e4“The maximum nutrient uptake was observed with the A 2 treatment, with nitrogen uptake ranging from 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha − 1 , 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha − 1 , and 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum nitrogen uptake at 90 DAS was 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha-1 under the A 2 treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2 treatmente4
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha − 1e4
- Qualifier
- at 30, 60, and 90 DASe4
- Comparator
- A 3 and A 1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e4“The maximum nutrient uptake was observed with the A 2 treatment, with nitrogen uptake ranging from 65.74 to 152.26 kg ha − 1 , 120.12 to 163.23 kg ha − 1 , and 74.90 to 79.69 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum phosphorus uptake at 30 DAS was 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha-1 under A 2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2e5
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee5
- Direction
- Maximume5
- Value
- 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha − 1e5
- Qualifier
- at 30, 60, and 90 DASe5
- Comparator
- A 3 and A 1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e5“Maximum phosphorus uptake by A 2 ranged from 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha − 1 , 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha − 1 , and 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum phosphorus uptake at 60 DAS was 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha-1 under A 2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2e5
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee5
- Direction
- Maximume5
- Value
- 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha − 1e5
- Qualifier
- at 30, 60, and 90 DASe5
- Comparator
- A 3 and A 1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e5“Maximum phosphorus uptake by A 2 ranged from 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha − 1 , 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha − 1 , and 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum phosphorus uptake at 90 DAS was 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha-1 under A 2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2e5
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee5
- Direction
- Maximume5
- Value
- 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha − 1e5
- Qualifier
- at 30, 60, and 90 DASe5
- Comparator
- A 3 and A 1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e5“Maximum phosphorus uptake by A 2 ranged from 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha − 1 , 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha − 1 , and 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium uptake followed the same trend as phosphorus uptake, highest under A 2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2e5
- Outcome
- potassium uptakee6
- Direction
- same trende6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e5“Maximum phosphorus uptake by A 2 ranged from 32.54 to 107.50 kg ha − 1 , 47.73 to 70.57 kg ha − 1 , and 56.78 to 47.73 kg ha − 1 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS, respectively, followed by A 3 and A 1”
e6“The same trend was observed for potassium uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum tuber yield of 230.5 and 226.1 q ha-1 (first and second years) was recorded at four irrigation stages (I 2), above five stages (I 3).
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- I 2 irrigation (4 irrigation stages)e7
- Outcome
- tuber yielde7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 230.5 and 226.1 q ha − 1e7
- Comparator
- I 3 (5 irrigations)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e7“Regarding the irrigation schedule, all treatments showed significant effects, with the maximum tuber yield (230.5 and 226.1 q ha − 1 during the first and second years, respectively) recorded with the I 2 irrigation (4 irrigation stages), followed by I 3 (5 irrigations) and I 1 (3 irrigations)”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest potato yield of 239.0 and 234.2 q ha-1 (first and second years) was obtained with A 2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A 2e1
- Outcome
- potato yielde1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Value
- 239.0 and 234.2 q ha − 1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e1“The greatest potato yield (239.0 and 234.2 q ha − 1 during the first and second years, respectively) was observed with A 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of I 2 irrigation and A 2 gave the highest tuber yield (255.0 and 241.3 q ha-1), and the irrigation by AAB interaction was significant.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- I 2 A 2 combinatione1
- Outcome
- tuber yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 255.0 and 241.3 q ha − 1e1
- Comparator
- other treatment combinationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e1“Significant interaction effects between different irrigation schedules and AAB treatments were found, with the highest interaction effect on tuber yield (255.0 and 241.3 q ha − 1 during the first and second years, respectively) recorded with the I 2 A 2 combination, followed by other treatment combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation schedule had no significant effect on nutrient uptake or tuber quality.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- the irrigation schedulee1
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake and tuber qualitye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e1“The impact of the irrigation schedule on nutrient uptake and tuber quality was found to be insignificant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar AAB application is suggested to improve nutrient use efficiency by easier nutrient absorption and better tuber quality.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of AABe1
- Outcome
- nutrient use efficiency (NUE)e1
- Qualifier
- by facilitating easier nutrient absorptione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Foliar application of commercial amino acids biostimulants on nutrient uptake and quality of potato tuber”
e1“These findings suggest that foliar application of AAB can improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by facilitating easier nutrient absorption and enhancing potato tuber quality”
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