Abstract
The presence of shot berries in the Early Sweet grapevine cultivar poses a considerable challenge that negatively affects grapevine productivity and fruit quality, making it crucial to find certain treatments to minimize their prevalence and increase grapevine yield. Field experiments were conducted at Horticulture Research Institute experimental farm, Mansoura, Egypt, using a completely randomized block design with three replicates during 2021 and 2022 successive seasons. The experiment includes five treatments i.e., T1) control, spraying only with tap water; T2) spraying with 1 ppm gibberellic acid (GA₃) and 0.5 g/L low biuret urea twice during full bloom and at 25% fruit set; T3) same as T2 plus spraying with 10 ppm GA₃ at 7-8 mm berries diameter; T4) same as T2 plus spraying with 10 ppm GA₃ and 20 ppm GA₃ at 7-8 mm and 10-12 mm berries diameter respectively, and T5) same as T2 plus spraying with 20 ppm GA₃ at 10-12 mm berries diameter. The findings showed that spraying GA₃ along with urea during different growth stages significantly boosted both yield and quality of berries compared to control treatment. However, treatments of GA₃ and urea, particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm), resulted in higher acidity levels and a slight reduction in soluble solid content (SSC) and SSC/acid ratios. Among the treatments, T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ with urea boosted yield compared with the control.
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying GA₃ along with urea during different growth stages significantly boosted both yield and quality of berries compared to control treatment”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ with urea boosted quality of berries compared with the control.
- Treatment
- GA₃ along with ureae0
- Outcome
- quality of berriese0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying GA₃ along with urea during different growth stages significantly boosted both yield and quality of berries compared to control treatment”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ and urea treatments, particularly 1–10 and 1–20 ppm, produced higher acidity levels.
- Treatment
- treatments of GA₃ and ureae0
- Outcome
- acidity levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments of GA₃ and urea, particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm), resulted in higher acidity levels and a slight reduction in soluble solid content (SSC) and SSC/acid ratios”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ and urea treatments, particularly 1–10 and 1–20 ppm, produced reduction soluble solid content (SSC).
- Treatment
- treatments of GA₃ and ureae0
- Outcome
- soluble solid content (SSC)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments of GA₃ and urea, particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm), resulted in higher acidity levels and a slight reduction in soluble solid content (SSC) and SSC/acid ratios”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
GA₃ and urea treatments, particularly 1–10 and 1–20 ppm, produced reduction SSC/acid ratios.
- Treatment
- treatments of GA₃ and ureae0
- Outcome
- SSC/acid ratiose0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments of GA₃ and urea, particularly (1–10 ppm and 1–20 ppm), resulted in higher acidity levels and a slight reduction in soluble solid content (SSC) and SSC/acid ratios”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced lowest in percentages of shot berries.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced increase in yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced increase in cluster weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced increase in berry weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced increase in diameter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced increase in total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced reducing in total carotenoid concentration in berry skin.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 showed the lowest percentages of shot berries, accompanied by a significant increase in yield, cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, and total chlorophyll concentration in berry skin, while reducing total carotenoid concentration in berry skin”
t0“‘Early Sweet’ Grapevines”
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