Abstract
Organic fertilizers and biostimulants have been widely studied in vegetable crops, but evidence on their individual and combined effects on growth and quality remains limited. Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness and synergistic potential of selected organic amendments and biostimulants in improving garlic growth, nutrient composition, allicin content, and total yield. Across two growing seasons, garlic plants received the followed treatment: 1) seaweed extract (SW), 2) garlic extract (GE), 3) yeast extract (YE), 4) vermicompost (VC), biochar, and their combinations. Growth traits, nutrient concentrations, allicin content, bulb characteristics, and yield components were measured and compared with an untreated control. All treatments significantly enhanced plant height, leaf number, and leaf area. The co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biochare produced the highest growth performance and nutrient accumulation. Furthermore, this treatment also markedly increased allicin content, improving bulb quality, and resulted in the greatest bulb weight and total yield. Overall, combining organic fertilizers with biostimulants provides a sustainable strategy to enhance garlic productivity and quality while reducing dependence on synthetic inputs. The study recommends the integrated use of GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar as an effective nutrient management approach.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All organic and biostimulant treatments significantly enhanced garlic plant height, leaf number and leaf area compared with an untreated control.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf number, and leaf areae1
- Direction
- significantly enhancede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All treatments significantly enhanced plant height, leaf number, and leaf area”
e2“were measured and compared with an untreated control”
t0“enhancing garlic growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The co-application of GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar gave the highest growth performance and nutrient accumulation in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biocharee3
- Outcome
- growth performance and nutrient accumulatione3
- Direction
- higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biochare produced the highest growth performance and nutrient accumulation”
t0“enhancing garlic growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The co-application of GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar markedly increased garlic allicin content.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biocharee3
- Outcome
- allicin contente4
- Direction
- markedly increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biochare produced the highest growth performance and nutrient accumulation”
e4“this treatment also markedly increased allicin content”
t0“enhancing garlic growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The co-application of GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar gave the greatest garlic bulb weight and total yield.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biocharee3
- Outcome
- bulb weight and total yielde5
- Direction
- greateste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biochare produced the highest growth performance and nutrient accumulation”
e5“improving bulb quality, and resulted in the greatest bulb weight and total yield”
t0“enhancing garlic growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The co-application of GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar improved garlic bulb quality.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biocharee3
- Outcome
- bulb qualitye5
- Direction
- improvinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The co-application of GE + SW along with vermicompost and biochare produced the highest growth performance and nutrient accumulation”
e5“improving bulb quality, and resulted in the greatest bulb weight and total yield”
t0“enhancing garlic growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrated GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar as an effective nutrient management approach for garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- effective nutrient management approache6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The study recommends the integrated use of GE + SW with vermicompost and biochar as an effective nutrient management approach”
t0“enhancing garlic growth”
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8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.