Abstract
To investigate the effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer on yield formation and related traits of machine-transplanted hybrid rice, this study used the indica hybrid rice F You 498 as the experimental material and employed a two-factor split-plot design. The main plots included two fertilization methods: no organic fertilizer (Mo) and organic fertilizer application (Mc, 1500 kg hm-2). The subplots consisted of nitrogen reduction treatments. Based on a conventional chemical nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm-2 (N3, used as the control), four nitrogen levels were established: 25% reduction (N2), 50% reduction (N1), and no nitrogen application (N0). Yield, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen transport, and nitrogen use efficiency were measured to clarify the synergistic mechanisms of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer. The results showed that compared with Mo, the Mc treatment increased the photosynthetic leaf area index and photosynthetic potential, slowed chlorophyll degradation, effectively delayed leaf senescence, and enhanced photosynthetic performance. A moderate reduction in nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer optimized population structure, significantly increasing the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. The treatment with 25% nitrogen reduction under organic fertilizer application (McN2) achieved the highest yield, with a two-year average increase of 6.04% compared with the treatment using chemical fertilizer alone (MoN3). Under the combined treatment, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity followed the order: N2 > N3 > N1 > N0. Additionally, compared with MoN3, McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen. These results suggest that applying organic fertilizer in combination with a 25% nitrogen reduction can enhance the targeted allocation of photosynthates to grains by synergistically optimizing the accumulation and distribution of assimilates and improving nitrogen transport efficiency, thereby establishing a population characterized by a “large source and sufficient sink”. This strategy achieves a balance between high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in machine-transplanted rice and provides theoretical support for green, high-yield cultivation practices.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased photosynthetic leaf area index and potential.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Mc treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic leaf area index and photosynthetic potentiale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Moe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with Mo, the Mc treatment increased the photosynthetic leaf area index and photosynthetic potential”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer slowed chlorophyll degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mc treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll degradatione0
- Direction
- slowede0
- Comparator
- Moe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with Mo, the Mc treatment increased the photosynthetic leaf area index and photosynthetic potential, slowed chlorophyll degradation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer delayed leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mc treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- Moe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with Mo, the Mc treatment increased the photosynthetic leaf area index and photosynthetic potential, slowed chlorophyll degradation, effectively delayed leaf senescence”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer enhanced photosynthetic performance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mc treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- Moe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with Mo, the Mc treatment increased the photosynthetic leaf area index and photosynthetic potential, slowed chlorophyll degradation, effectively delayed leaf senescence, and enhanced photosynthetic performance”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate nitrogen reduction with organic fertilizer increased effective panicles, grains per panicle and thousand-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- moderate reduction in nitrogen combined with organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A moderate reduction in nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer optimized population structure, significantly increasing the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
McN2 increased two-year mean yield by 6.04% versus chemical fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 25% nitrogen reduction under organic fertilizer application (McN2)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6.04%e0
- Comparator
- treatment using chemical fertilizer alone (MoN3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 25% nitrogen reduction under organic fertilizer application (McN2) achieved the highest yield, with a two-year average increase of 6.04% compared with the treatment using chemical fertilizer alone (MoN3).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation at maturity ranked N2 above N3, N1 and N0.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- N2 > N3 > N1 > N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity followed the order: N2 > N3 > N1 > N0”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen accumulation at maturity ranked N2 above N3, N1 and N0.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulation at maturitye0
- Direction
- N2 > N3 > N1 > N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity followed the order: N2 > N3 > N1 > N0”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- McN2e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen dry matter production efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- MoN3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with MoN3, McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
McN2 significantly improved apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- McN2e0
- Outcome
- apparent nitrogen recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- MoN3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with MoN3, McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
McN2 significantly improved physiological nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- McN2e0
- Outcome
- physiological nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- MoN3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with MoN3, McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
McN2 significantly improved agronomic nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- McN2e0
- Outcome
- agronomic nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- MoN3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with MoN3, McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
McN2 significantly improved partial factor productivity of nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- McN2e0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of nitrogene0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- MoN3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with MoN3, McN2 significantly improved nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer fertilizer with 25% less nitrogen improves grain allocation and nitrogen transport.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- applying organic fertilizer in combination with a 25% nitrogen reductione0
- Outcome
- targeted allocation of photosynthates to grainse0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- improving nitrogen transport efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying organic fertilizer in combination with a 25% nitrogen reduction can enhance the targeted allocation of photosynthates to grains by synergistically optimizing the accumulation and distribution of assimilates and improving nitrogen transport efficiency”
t0“rice”
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See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.