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“magnitude of decrease”

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rainfall-dependent potassium and sulfur leaching made deficiency-related pasture production decreases unpredictable.

Taxon: ryegrassLoliume1
Outcome: decrease in pasture productione0
Qualifier: rainfall determining the extent of leachinge0

Verbatim

e0
“both elements can leach below the root-zone, with rainfall determining the extent of leaching and magnitude of the decrease in pasture production resulting from deficiency, which cannot be predicted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1014–1212

e1
“ryegrass dairy pastures”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 169–192

Title

Changes in chemical properties of 48 intensively grazed, rain-fed dairy paddocks on sandy soils over 11 years of liming in south-western Australia

M. D. A. Bolland; W. K. Russell Soil Research 2010. doi:10.1071/sr09199

Other claims from this paper (9)

Recommendation Tissue testing was needed with soil testing to confirm nutrient management decisions.
Method / resource Soil pH testing reliably identified paddocks needing lime and monitored liming.
Method / resource Soil phosphorus testing reliably indicated when phosphorus fertilizer was required.
Recommendation No phosphorus fertilizer was needed above the soil-specific critical soil-test phosphorus value.
Observation Plant tissue testing indicated adequate phosphorus for ryegrass production when no phosphorus was applied.
Method / resource Soil testing could not determine which paddocks required potassium fertilizer.
Method / resource Soil testing could not determine which paddocks required sulfur fertilizer.
Recommendation The authors recommended annual potassium and sulfur fertilizer and tissue testing to improve their management.
Recommendation The authors recommended annual soil pH and soil-test phosphorus reporting, with P-buffering index, organic carbon and conductivity every 3–5 years.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Freezing injury index decreased 2–60% in P2 across all regions.

Taxon: winegrapeVitis viniferat0
Outcome: CFIe0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 2–60%e0
Setting: all regionse0

Verbatim

e0
“CFI decreased (2–60%) during P2 in all regions and the magnitude of decrease was elevation dependent.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1525–1626

t0
“winegrape”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–122

Title

Warming temperature reduces the risk of pre-harvest freezing injury and modifies variety suitability in the main winegrape-growing regions of China

Huiqing Bai; Jianqiang He; Cornelis van Leeuwen; et al. Horticulture Research 2025. doi:10.1093/hr/uhaf176

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Three temperature indices increased across six winegrape regions in the later period.
Observation First fall frost was delayed by 0–16 days in five of six regions.
Method / resource The original GSR model yielded biased harvest-date predictions.
Method / resource Recalibrated GSR model calibration performance reached R2 0.83 and NRMSE 2.8%.
Method / resource Recalibrated GSR model validation performance reached R2 0.83 and NRMSE 3.1%.
Observation Simulated harvest dates advanced by 6–30 days across six varieties and regions in P2.
Association The magnitude of freezing injury reduction depended on elevation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Seasonal irrigation depth for citrus decreased by 2.40 mm.decade-1.

Taxon: citrusCitruse0
Outcome: seasonal irrigation depthe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 2.40e0
Setting: Calabriae0

Verbatim

e0
“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato. The average annual magnitude of decreases throughout Calabria were 2.40 and 5.51 mm.decade-1 for citrus and tomato, respectively, corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1112–1414

Title

Effects of Climate Change on the Irrigation Scheduling Parameters in Calabria (South Italy) during 1925-2013

Capra A; Mannino R Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 2015. doi:10.4172/2168-9768.s1-003

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Reference evapotranspiration tended to decrease by -5.51 mm.decade-1.
Observation Seasonal irrigation depth for tomato decreased by 5.51 mm.decade-1.
Observation Citrus irrigation depth declined by -7% of the period mean.
Observation Tomato irrigation depth declined by -11% of the period mean.
Observation Annual precipitation decreased while summer precipitation increased.
Association Summer precipitation advanced the last watering date and shortened the irrigation season.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil K decline with net removal was smaller than K gain per unit net addition.

Treatment: net K removale0
Outcome: rate of Kexch decreasee0
Direction: smallere0
Comparator: increase observed in soils per unit net K additione0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“rate of Kexch decrease (as a function of the soil K budget) in soils with net K removal was smaller in magnitude than the increase observed in soils per unit net K addition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1484–1656

Title

Quantification of plant-available potassium (K) in a corn-soybean rotation: A long-term evaluation of K rates and crop K removal effects

Ronald Jose Navarrete-Ganchozo Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) 2014

Other claims from this paper (12)

Association Soil exchangeable K increased with net additions, varying across sites.
Association Site differences in the K response were unrelated to cation exchange capacity.
Intervention effect Annual K additions built soil exchangeable K more effectively than biennial applications.
Intervention effect Grain yield did not differ across K application frequencies.
Intervention effect Yield did not respond to K additions even in soils classified as K limiting.
Method / resource Models suggested lower recommended K thresholds could be used without significant grain yield loss.
Method / resource Yield analysis could not identify a clear critical soil K range.
Observation Applied K remained in the top 20 cm of soil.
Observation Subsoil exchangeable K depleted at all sites.
Association Crop K removal exceeded added K rates.
Observation Long-term subsoil K decline at 20-30 cm was at most 16 mg kg-1 under large net removals.
Mechanism Lack of topsoil K change under large removals could not be attributed to subsoil K cycling.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize yield components followed the same decline as grain yield.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayse0
Treatment: intercroppinge0
Outcome: Yield componentse0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Qualifier: similar trende0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Maize-grain yield decreased due to intercropping. The reduction in yield was of higher magnitude with 1 :2 proportion with forage maize intercrop. Yield components followed the similar trend”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–392

Title

Performance of grain maize (Zea mays) and forage cereal intercropping on black soils under rainfed condition

B. M. CHIITAPUR; S. M. HIREMATH; A. S. PRABHAKAR Indian Journal of Agronomy 2001. doi:10.59797/ija.v38i4.3973

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Intercropping decreased maize grain yield.
Intervention effect The grain-yield reduction was greatest with 1:2 forage maize intercropping.
Observation Intercrop forage yields were higher at a 1:2 proportion.
Intervention effect Maize and pearl millet intercropping yielded higher net returns.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Seasonal irrigation depth for tomato decreased by 5.51 mm.decade-1.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
Outcome: seasonal irrigation depthe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 5.51 mm.decade-1e0
Setting: Calabriae0

Verbatim

e0
“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato. The average annual magnitude of decreases throughout Calabria were 2.40 and 5.51 mm.decade-1 for citrus and tomato, respectively, corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1112–1414

Title

Effects of Climate Change on the Irrigation Scheduling Parameters in Calabria (South Italy) during 1925-2013

Capra A; Mannino R Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 2015. doi:10.4172/2168-9768.s1-003

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Reference evapotranspiration tended to decrease by -5.51 mm.decade-1.
Observation Seasonal irrigation depth for citrus decreased by 2.40 mm.decade-1.
Observation Citrus irrigation depth declined by -7% of the period mean.
Observation Tomato irrigation depth declined by -11% of the period mean.
Observation Annual precipitation decreased while summer precipitation increased.
Association Summer precipitation advanced the last watering date and shortened the irrigation season.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ABA reduced the loss of fiber quality under low temperature.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: spraying ABAe0
Outcome: fiber qualitye0
Direction: decreasede0
Qualifier: low temperature conditione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“spraying ABA induced the decrease of fiber quality under normal temperature but decreased the reduction magnitude of fiber quality under low temperature condition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 611–773

t0
“cotton fiber development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–124

Title

[Physiological mechanisms of growth regulators 6-BA and ABA in mitigating low temperature stress of cotton fiber development].

You-Hua Wang; Jia-Jie Liu; Bing-Lin Chen; et al. PubMed 2011

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect 6-BA increased boll weight under normal and low temperatures.
Intervention effect 6-BA increased fiber quality under normal and low temperatures.
Intervention effect ABA decreased fiber quality under normal temperature.
Intervention effect 6-BA significantly increased boll sucrose content.
Intervention effect 6-BA significantly increased sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities.
Intervention effect ABA increased boll beta-1, 3-glucanase activity.
Intervention effect 6-BA had little effect on sucrose invertase activity.
Intervention effect ABA had little effect on sucrose invertase activity.
Mechanism The authors attribute 6-BA improvement of fiber quality to enhanced enzyme activities.
Mechanism The authors attribute ABA improvement of fiber quality to increased cotton stress resistance.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil organic carbon, available N and K2O declined less with VQL1.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Material: VQL1e0
Outcome: organic carbon, available N and K2Oe0
Direction: declinee0

Verbatim

e0
“Effect of inbred lines was also noticed, organic carbon, available N and K2O was decline and the magnitude of decrease was less with VQL1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1748–1885

t0
“maize (Zea Mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 56–75

Title

Response of fertility level on different inbred line of maize (Zea Mays L.) productivity in Bihar

M. K. Singh; Shambhu Prasad; YK Singh; et al. International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect The 160:80:40 fertilizer level produced significant grain yield of 27.38 q ha-1.
Intervention effect The 160:80:40 fertilizer level produced significant stover yield of 93.21 q ha-1.
Observation The 160:80:40 fertilizer level yielded net return of Rs125158 ha-1.
Observation The 160:80:40 fertilizer level yielded a B:C ratio of 3.15.
Association BML-6 had significantly higher yield of 32.10 q ha-1 and was at par with CML161.
Association BML-6 had higher net return of Rs148689 ha-1, at par with CML161.
Association BML-6 had a higher B:C ratio of 3.80.
Intervention effect Nitrogen uptake was significant through the 160:80:40 fertility level and at par with 200:100:50.
Intervention effect Phosphorus uptake was significant through the 160:80:40 fertility level and at par with 200:100:50.
Intervention effect Potassium uptake was significant through the 160:80:40 fertility level and at par with 200:100:50.
Association BML 7 removed significantly more nitrogen, 144.20 kg ha-1, comparable to BML 6 and CML 161.
Association BML 7 removed significantly more phosphorus, 27.43 kg ha-1.
Association BML 7 removed significantly more potassium, 174.84 kg ha-1.
Observation Soil organic carbon, available N and K2O declined after two crop cycles, less so at the highest fertilizer level.
Observation Available soil P2O5 exceeded its initial value and was highest under the 200:100:50 rate.
Association Available soil P2O5 was above its initial value and highest with VQL1.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Picking force, density and drag coefficient decreased with increasing harvesting hour and date.

Taxon: Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
Organ / stage: rose petalse0
Outcome: picking force, the density, and the drag coefficiente0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: harvesting hour increases from H1 to H4 and the harvesting date increases from S1 to S4e0

Verbatim

e0
“the magnitude of the picking force, the density, and the drag coefficient of rose petals decrease when the harvesting hour increases from H1 to H4 and the harvesting date increases from S1 to S4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1100–1294

t0
“Rosa damascena”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102

Title

Physico-mechanical characteristics of rose petals dealing with the pneumatic harvest of Rosa damascena

D. Yilmaz; K. Ekinci Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2011. doi:10.5424/sjar/20110902-204-10

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Rose-petal terminal velocity ranged from 1.572 to 1.257 m s–1.
Observation Rose-petal picking force ranged from 0.501 to 1.005 N.
Observation Rose-petal mass ranged from 0.049 to 0.122 g.
Observation Rose-petal projection area ranged from 13.830 to 7.071 cm2 across the specified harvest combinations.
Observation Rose-petal drag coefficient ranged from 0.790 to 0.287 across harvest combinations.
Recommendation The authors recommend harvesting R. damascena near the end of H4 and S4 for terminal velocity.
Recommendation The authors conclude aspiration pressure should increase as the physical properties decline.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diatomite reduced zinc accumulation in sweet clover and medic by 2.5-2.8 fold.

Taxon: sweet clover and medice0
Treatment: diatomitee0
Outcome: zince0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 2.5-2.8 folde0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The use of diatomite in models of soils contaminated by high-density metals contributed to the decrease of accumulation in plants of sweet clover and medic of lead by 1.1-1.3 order of magnitude, of zinc 2.5-2.8 fold, and of cadmium 1.8-2.5 fold.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–839

Title

The role of diatomite in the cultivation of legume grasses in modified black soil models

A O Oznobihina IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 2020. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/962/4/042024

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Diatomite reduced lead accumulation in sweet clover and medic by 1.1-1.3 order of magnitude.
Intervention effect Diatomite reduced cadmium accumulation in sweet clover and medic by 1.8-2.5 fold.

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