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“dry weight decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding surfactants to the CaCl2 dip lowered fruit Ca concentration to 230 to 250 ppm compared with the CaCl2 dip alone.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: surfactants were added to the CaCl 2 solutione2
Outcome: Ca concentration in dipped fruite2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2
Value: 230 to 250 ppme2
Comparator: dipped in 4% CaCl 2 (wt/vol)e1

Verbatim

t0
“Calcium Concentration in Apple Fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–36

e1
“Undipped fruit contained 203 ppm Ca and fruit dipped in 4% CaCl 2 (wt/vol) contained 278 ppm Ca, dry weight basis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–325

e2
“When surfactants were added to the CaCl 2 solution, the Ca concentration in dipped fruit was 230 to 250 ppm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–434

Title

Calcium Concentration in Apple Fruit Resulting from Calcium Chloride Dips Modified by Surfactants and Thickeners1

J. L. Mason; J. M. McDougald; B. G. Drought HortScience 1974. doi:10.21273/hortsci.9.2.122

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Dipping apples in 4% CaCl2 raised fruit Ca concentration to 278 ppm from 203 ppm in undipped fruit.
Intervention effect Adding thickeners with surfactants raised fruit Ca concentration to 373 to 825 ppm compared with the CaCl2 dip alone.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: percentage of dead leavese0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verae0
Interactor: Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
Outcome: tolerance to salt stresse0
Direction: improvede0

Verbatim

e0
“pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1155–1229

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Outcome: higher levels of salinity should be investigatede0

Verbatim

e0
“higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1337–1435

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: number of leaves and number of rootse0
Direction: non significantly affectede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leavese0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width areae0
Direction: reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

March girdling on MM 106 rootstock gave the highest increases in fruiting and quality traits.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Material: MM 106 rootstocke0
Treatment: girdling old shoots on mid-Marche0
Outcome: fruit set %, spurs number, leaf areae0
Direction: highest increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“girdling old shoots on mid-March treatment of the some trees onto MM 106 rootstock signiﬁcantly gave the highest increase of fruit set %, spurs number, leaf area, dry matter %, fruit weight, volume, diameter and length, total soluble solids (TSS %) and total carbohydrates %, C/N ratio, ABA and IAA, while gave significant decrease in fruit firmness, acidity, leaf N content in the ist and 2nd seasons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1388

t0
“APPLE TREES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–82

Title

EFFECT OF BENDING AND GIRDLING SHOOTS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON TWO APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

Eman Kandil,; A. Hussein; I. Saied Journal of Plant Production 2006. doi:10.21608/jpp.2006.235789

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Most bending and girdling treatments increased fruit set, spur number, and leaf area relative to control.
Intervention effect Treatments increased fruit weight, volume, diameter and length.
Intervention effect Treatments increased dry matter, soluble solids, carbohydrates, C/N ratio and hormones.
Intervention effect Treatments reduced fruit firmness, acidity and total nitrogen.
Observation November bending on Malus rootstock gave the highest increase in fruit set, spur number, leaf area, dry matter, fruit traits, solids, carbohydrate ratio and hormones.
Recommendation The authors recommend November bending on Malus and March girdling on MM 106.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: +Me0
Outcome: Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of Cl- and Na+e0
Direction: lowere0
Comparator: -Me0

Verbatim

e0
“Rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of Cl- and Na+ were markedly lower in +M than in -M plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 967–1069

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation increased peroxidase by 100% versus uninoculated controls.

Taxon: PyrusPyrust0
Treatment: fungal inoculatione0
Interactor: Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicat0symbiont
Outcome: peroxidasee0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 100%e0
Qualifier: 6 dS/me0
Comparator: non-inoculated control plantse0

Verbatim

e0
“At the highest salinity levels (6 dS/m), fungal inoculation caused an increase in surface-to-root dry weight ratio (38.81%), branch diameter growth (31.14%), total chlorophyll (27.72%), peroxidase (100%), polyphenol oxidase (62.5%) and root colonization percentage (100%) and decrease in electrolyte leakage rate (19.34%), proline (10.34%) and soluble sugars (8.77%) ) compared to non-inoculated control plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1114–1524

t0
“Piriformospora indica on Morphophysiological Traits of Pyrus Rootstock cv. Pyrodvarf”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–117

Title

The Effects of Endophytic Fungus Piriformospora indica on Morphophysiological Traits of Pyrus Rootstock cv. Pyrodvarf under Salinity Stress Conditions

Mohammad Adlipour; Hamid Hassan pour; Fariborz Zaare Nahandi; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2021. doi:10.22034/saps.2021.13102

Other claims from this paper (11)

Association Salinity and fungal inoculation interacted significantly for chlorophyll content.
Association Salinity and fungal inoculation interacted significantly for branch growth, electrolyte leakage, proline, sugars, enzyme activity and colonization.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation increased surface-to-root dry weight ratio by 38.81% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation increased branch diameter growth by 31.14% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation increased total chlorophyll by 27.72% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation increased polyphenol oxidase by 62.5% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation increased root colonization percentage by 100% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation decreased electrolyte leakage rate by 19.34% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation decreased proline by 10.34% versus uninoculated controls.
Intervention effect At 6 dS/m, fungal inoculation decreased soluble sugars by 8.77% versus uninoculated controls.
Observation The authors concluded that P. indica moderated salinity damage in pear.

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“dry weight decrease”

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