Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Height inbreeding depression estimates decreased over time.

Taxon: SCOTS PINEPinus sylvestrist0
Outcome: inbreeding depression estimates for heighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: nonrandom size-specific mortalitye0

Verbatim

e0
“Size differences among the progeny types diminished in time due to nonrandom size-specific mortality, causing a decrease in the inbreeding depression estimates for height over time.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1361–1542

t0
“SCOTS PINE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–59

Title

MAGNITUDE AND TIMING OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRISL.)

Hans Peter Koelewijn; Veikko Koski; Outi Savolainen Evolution 1999. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05370.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Selfing reduced seed maturation relative to open pollination.
Observation Selfed progeny had high postgermination survival depression through age 23.
Observation Height after 23 years did not differ significantly by progeny type.
Observation Flowering after 23 years did not differ significantly by progeny type.
Observation Cumulative inbreeding depression was high.
Observation Cumulative inbreeding depression varied significantly among maternal families.
Association Early and later inbreeding depression were not significantly correlated among maternal parents.
Observation Progeny size differences diminished over time.
Mechanism Authors argue that self-fertilization inefficiently purges genetic load in Scots pine because selfed individuals are nearly entirely lost.
Mechanism Authors infer that the population is effectively randomly mating and outcrossing.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inbreeding depression estimates for height decreased over time.

Taxon: Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
Outcome: inbreeding depression estimates for heighte7
Direction: decreasee7
Qualifier: over timee7

Verbatim

t0
“Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–81

e7
“Size differences among the progeny types diminished in time due to nonrandom size-specific mortality, causing a decrease in the inbreeding depression estimates for height over time”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1382–1562

Title

Magnitude and Timing of Inbreeding Depression in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Hans Peter Koelewijn; Veikko Koski; Outi Savolainen Evolution 1999. doi:10.2307/2640716

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gs decreased by 73.69% during 8:00–10:00.

Taxon: Juglans regiaJuglans regiat0
Outcome: stomatal conductance(Gs)e4
Direction: decreasee5
Value: 73.69%e5
Qualifier: during 8:00—10:00e5

Verbatim

t0
“Juglans regia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–97

e4
“Diurnal changes of stomatal conductance(Gs)was declining over time”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 531–597

e5
“the magnitude of change in one day was different in a decrease of 73.69% during 8:00—10:00”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 606–696

Title

Relationship Between Diurnal Changes of Photosynthesis and Environmental Factors of Juglans regia

Yang Yu-hu 2014

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Xilin 2 walnut showed significant peaks and troughs over the day.
Observation Pn was lowest at about 14:00.
Observation A clear lunch break phenomenon was present in the diurnal Pn pattern.
Observation Stomatal conductance (Gs) declined over time during the day.
Observation After 10:00, Gs declined more stably.
Observation Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed a downward-rise-fall-rising diurnal trend.
Observation Ci reached a trough of 14.239 3μmol/mol at 10:00.
Observation Ci reached a trough of 22.291 7μmol/mol at 16:00.
Observation Leaf temperature (Tleaf) showed a unimodal diurnal pattern with a maximum of 43.73℃.
Observation Vapor pressure deficit (Vpdl) showed a unimodal diurnal pattern with a maximum of 7.887 5kPa.
Association PAR, Ca and RH were positively correlated with Pn.
Association Pn was negatively correlated with Ta.
Association RH was negatively correlated with Ta.
Association Vpdl and Tleaf were positively correlated with Ta.
Association Gs was positively correlated with Ca.
Association Gs was positively correlated with RH.
Association Vpdl was negatively correlated with RH.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plum fruit hardness decreased with maturation, more strongly in Jinmi.

Taxon: plumPrunus domesticae0
Material: ‘Jinmi’e0
Organ / stage: fruite0
Outcome: hardness of the fruite0
Direction: decreasede0

Verbatim

e0
“as the fruit matured, the hardness of the fruit decreased, but there was a difference in the magnitude and rate of decrease between the two varieties, and the decrease of ‘Jinmi’ plum was even greater”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 406–606

Title

Study on the Difference of EXP and PsEXPA10 in Ripening Period of ‘jinmi’ plum and ‘qingcui’ plum

Huiyi Zhang; Huaer Wang; Huizhi Li; et al. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2021. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/792/1/012036

Other claims from this paper (6)

Association EXP and Ps EXPA10 expression trends were similar.
Observation Ps EXPA10 expression in Jinmi peel and flesh peaked at 81 days after flowering.
Observation EXP activity peaked at 88 days after flowering.
Observation EXP and Ps EXPA10 expression in plum peel and flesh increased gradually.
Observation Ps EXPA10 expression in plum flesh was highest at 109 days after flowering, subject to the abstract’s stated exception.
Association The authors relate EXP to plum ripening and softening.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The prompt fluorescence decline was larger in sun than shade leaves.

Taxon: Viburnum odoratissimumViburnum odoratissimumt0
Organ / stage: sun leavese0
Outcome: prompt decrease of F m/ F o and F 685 / F 735e0
Direction: largere0
Comparator: shade leavese0

Verbatim

e0
“the magnitude of the prompt decrease of F m/ F o and F 685 / F 735 in sun leaves was larger than that in shade leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1222

t0
“Viburnum odoratissimum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–121

Title

Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics and State Transitions Between Sun and Shade Leaves of Viburnum odoratissimum

Su Ji Acta Photophysiologica Sinica 2003

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The gain in flow from growing at 5 and measuring at 20 degrees C was similar to the loss from growing at 20 and measuring at 5 degrees C.

Taxon: aspene1
Outcome: root water flowe0
Direction: similar in magnitudee0

Verbatim

e0
“This increase in root water flow was similar in magnitude to the decrease in root water flow observed when seedlings were grown for 28 days at 20 degrees C and root water flow was measured at 5 degrees C”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 797–1000

e1
“aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 114–158

Title

Root water flow and growth of aspen (Populus tremuloides) at low root temperatures

X. Wan; S. M. Landhausser; J. J. Zwiazek; et al. Tree Physiology 1999. doi:10.1093/treephys/19.13.879

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect At 5 degrees C, aspen root growth was completely inhibited relative to 20 degrees C.
Intervention effect At 10 degrees C, aspen root growth was inhibited by 97% relative to 20 degrees C.
Intervention effect The 5 and 10 degree C treatments reduced aspen shoot growth, leaf size and total leaf area.
Intervention effect The 5 and 10 degree C treatments inhibited aspen root water flow.
Observation Aspen grown at 5 degrees C for 28 days showed increased root water flow when measured at 20 degrees C.
Association Reduced root flow in seedlings grown at 5 and 10 degrees C coincided with decreased stomatal conductance, net assimilation and shoot water potentials.
Association Root water flow correlated positively with aspen leaf size, total leaf area and shoot length.
Association Root water flow correlated positively with new aspen root growth.
Intervention effect Transfer from 5 to 20 degrees C for 24 hours increased root flow, shoot water potential and net photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Transfer from 10 to 20 degrees C slightly increased shoot water potential.
Intervention effect Transfer from 20 to 5 degrees C greatly reduced root flow, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Transfer from 20 to 5 degrees C slightly decreased shoot water potential.

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The ozone-induced decline in stomatal conductance was significantly greater in tolerant clone 245 than sensitive clone 388.

Taxon: hybrid poplarPopuluse2
Material: ozone-tolerant clone 245e1
Outcome: decrease in stomatal conductancee0
Direction: greatere0
Comparator: ozone-sensitive clone 388e1

Verbatim

e0
“the magnitude of the decrease in stomatal conductance was significantly greater in the ozone-tolerant clone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 664–771

e1
“ozone-sensitive clone 388 and the ozone-tolerant clone 245”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 506–564

e2
“hybrid poplar (Populus maximowizii x Populus trichocarpa)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 340–397

Title

Ozone Sensitivity in Hybrid Poplar Is Correlated with a Lack of Defense-Gene Activation

Jennifer Riehl Koch; Amy J. Scherzer; Steven M. Eshita; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998. doi:10.1104/pp.118.4.1243

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Ozone decreased photosynthetic rate in both clones.
Intervention effect Ozone decreased stomatal conductance in both clones.
Association Ozone-induced mRNA levels for four defense-related genes were significantly higher in tolerant than sensitive plants.
Association Wound-induced mRNA levels for these genes were higher in tolerant plants than sensitive plants.
Mechanism The authors suggest ozone tolerance involves salicylic-acid- and jasmonic-acid-mediated signaling.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Freezing injury index decreased 2–60% in P2 across all regions.

Taxon: winegrapeVitis viniferat0
Outcome: CFIe0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 2–60%e0
Setting: all regionse0

Verbatim

e0
“CFI decreased (2–60%) during P2 in all regions and the magnitude of decrease was elevation dependent.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1525–1626

t0
“winegrape”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–122

Title

Warming temperature reduces the risk of pre-harvest freezing injury and modifies variety suitability in the main winegrape-growing regions of China

Huiqing Bai; Jianqiang He; Cornelis van Leeuwen; et al. Horticulture Research 2025. doi:10.1093/hr/uhaf176

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Three temperature indices increased across six winegrape regions in the later period.
Observation First fall frost was delayed by 0–16 days in five of six regions.
Method / resource The original GSR model yielded biased harvest-date predictions.
Method / resource Recalibrated GSR model calibration performance reached R2 0.83 and NRMSE 2.8%.
Method / resource Recalibrated GSR model validation performance reached R2 0.83 and NRMSE 3.1%.
Observation Simulated harvest dates advanced by 6–30 days across six varieties and regions in P2.
Association The magnitude of freezing injury reduction depended on elevation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Progeny size differences diminished over time.

Taxon: SCOTS PINEPinus sylvestrist0
Outcome: Size differencese0
Direction: diminishede0
Qualifier: nonrandom size-specific mortalitye0

Verbatim

e0
“Size differences among the progeny types diminished in time due to nonrandom size-specific mortality, causing a decrease in the inbreeding depression estimates for height over time.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1361–1542

t0
“SCOTS PINE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–59

Title

MAGNITUDE AND TIMING OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRISL.)

Hans Peter Koelewijn; Veikko Koski; Outi Savolainen Evolution 1999. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05370.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Seasonal irrigation depth for citrus decreased by 2.40 mm.decade-1.

Taxon: citrusCitruse0
Outcome: seasonal irrigation depthe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 2.40e0
Setting: Calabriae0

Verbatim

e0
“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato. The average annual magnitude of decreases throughout Calabria were 2.40 and 5.51 mm.decade-1 for citrus and tomato, respectively, corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1112–1414

Title

Effects of Climate Change on the Irrigation Scheduling Parameters in Calabria (South Italy) during 1925-2013

Capra A; Mannino R Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering 2015. doi:10.4172/2168-9768.s1-003

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Reference evapotranspiration tended to decrease by -5.51 mm.decade-1.
Observation Seasonal irrigation depth for tomato decreased by 5.51 mm.decade-1.
Observation Citrus irrigation depth declined by -7% of the period mean.
Observation Tomato irrigation depth declined by -11% of the period mean.
Observation Annual precipitation decreased while summer precipitation increased.
Association Summer precipitation advanced the last watering date and shortened the irrigation season.

“magnitude of decrease”

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