Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ear shading caused a slightly greater yield decrease for Proctor and Herta, without significant varietal differences.

Treatment: shading the earse0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the decrease in grain yield by shading the ears was slightly greater for Proctor and Herta, the differences were not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1652–1781

Title

Physiological Causes of Differences in Grain Yield between Varieties of Barley

D. J. WATSON; GILLIAN N. THORNE; S. A. W. FRENCH Annals of Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083616

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Proctor and Herta yielded 10—15 per cent more grain than Plumage-Archer without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Nitrogen increased the varietal grain yield difference to about 30 per cent.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen caused Plumage-Archer lodging without increasing its yield.
Observation Proctor and Herta remained standing under higher nitrogen.
Observation The three varieties had similar leaf-area index, net assimilation rate and total dry weight before ear emergence.
Association After ear emergence Herta had a smaller leaf-area index than Proctor and Plumage-Archer.
Observation Shaded-ear pot experiment found nearly equal dry matter contribution per leaf area across varieties.
Mechanism The authors attributed higher yield to photosynthesis by the ears.
Association In pots, Proctor and Herta yielded only about 6 per cent more than Plumage-Archer.
Association Field ear sizes were greater for Proctor and Herta than Plumage-Archer.
Association Ear dry weight at emergence was greater in the higher yielding varieties.
Observation Herta ears may have higher photosynthetic efficiency.
Association Plumage-Archer absorbed more potassium.
Association Herta absorbed less phosphorus than the other varieties.
Observation About a quarter of final nitrogen was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation A third of phosphorus was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation Potassium content was nearly maximal at ear emergence and later decreased.
Observation Ear photosynthesis contributed 26 per cent of grain dry matter, including 10 per cent from awns.
Observation Flag-leaf lamina, sheath and peduncle supplied 59 per cent of grain dry matter, and lower shoots supplied 15 per cent.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Assimilation rate began to decrease after about a minute.

Taxon: plant speciest0
Outcome: rate of assimilatione1
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: after about one minutee0

Verbatim

e0
“but after about one minute began to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 366–410

t0
“leaves from seven plant species was continuously measured in a closed system in which the concentration of carbon dioxide was abruptly increased from the atmospheric level”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 65–236

e1
“The rate of assimilation immediately increased, approximately proportional to concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 273–364

Title

SOME SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ASSIMILATION IN LEAVES

D. C. Mortimer Canadian Journal of Botany 1959. doi:10.1139/b59-099

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High nitrogen fertilizer was associated with a sudden carbohydrate decrease about five days before heading.

Taxon: Rice PlantOryza sativat0
Treatment: much N-fertilizere0
Outcome: carbohydratese0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: at about 5 days before headinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–142

e0
“In case of much N-fertilizer applied under natural condition, showing sudden decrease of carbohydrates at about 5 days before heading”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–1017

Title

Studies on the Relation between Seasonal Changes of Carbohydrates Accumulated and the Ripening at the Stage of Generative Growth in Rice Plant

Yoshio SOGA; Michio NOZAKI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1957. doi:10.1626/jcs.26.105

Other claims from this paper (14)

Association Sugars and starch in leaf sheaths and culms were associated with grain production.
Intervention effect Inhibition of photosynthesis decreased starch content faster than sugars.
Intervention effect Inhibiting photosynthesis 16–7 days before heading decreased accumulated carbohydrates.
Intervention effect Early ripening led to lighter thousand-kernel weight.
Observation Early ripening decreased spikelets per ear.
Observation Carbohydrate reaccumulation in culms was maximal among plots with reduced accumulation power.
Intervention effect Shading at 6–15 days after heading caused increased transport of accumulated carbohydrates to the ear.
Observation Shading at 6–15 days after heading increased incompletely developed grains.
Intervention effect Photosynthesis inhibition at 16–25 days after heading delayed grain development.
Observation Photosynthesis inhibition at 16–25 days after heading increased poorly developed grains.
Observation Photosynthesis inhibition at 16–25 days after heading lowered thousand-kernel weight.
Intervention effect Shading 26–35 days after heading did not influence kernel development.
Association Culm carbohydrate accumulation was positively related to photosynthetic power and accumulation to the ear.
Observation Authors estimated carbohydrate accumulation suitable for seed production at about 28–29%.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

2,4-D caused a decrease in protein nitrogen in leaves versus controls.

Taxon: Soybean PlantsGlycine maxt0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Treatment: 2,4-De0
Outcome: protein nitrogene0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: untreated controlse0

Verbatim

e0
“Plants treated with 2,4-D showed a decrease in the percentage of protein nitrogen in the leaves and an increase in the concentration of this fraction in stems and roots as compared with untreated controls.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2001–2206

t0
“Soybean Plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–108

Title

Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Upon the Nitrogen Metabolism and Water Relations of Soybean Plants Grown at Different Nitrogen Levels

S. R. Freiberg; H. E. Clark Botanical Gazette 1952. doi:10.1086/335724

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Nitrogen form redistribution after treatment was similar at high and low nitrogen.
Intervention effect 2,4-D caused sequential stem and petiole deformation, leaf yellowing and swelling, then wilting and drying.
Observation Visible responses to 2,4-D appeared sooner in high nitrogen plants.
Intervention effect 2,4-D-treated plants at both nitrogen levels did not appreciably gain dry weight, while controls accumulated dry matter.
Intervention effect Treated leaves had significantly less dry matter than controls after 23 hours.
Observation Treated leaves subsequently wilted and had a much higher dry matter percentage.
Intervention effect 2,4-D-treated plants failed to increase total nitrogen including nitrate, suggesting altered root absorption.
Intervention effect 2,4-D caused a increase in protein nitrogen in stems and roots versus controls.
Intervention effect 2,4-D increased soluble organic nitrogen fractions in all organs relative to controls.
Mechanism The authors inferred leaf protein hydrolysis and translocation to stems and roots for protein resynthesis.
Mechanism 2,4-D may act differently on proteolytic enzymes among leaves, stems and roots.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The zero grazing system was associated with a decrease in milk production, which the authors question would be offset by the extra forage.

Taxon: alfalfa, ladino clover, and smooth bromegrasse2
Treatment: zero grazing systeme5
Outcome: milk productione5
Direction: decreasee5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e2
“a uniform mixture of alfalfa, ladino clover, and smooth bromegrass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 76–142

e5
“from the zero grazing system than from the other systems, but it is questionable if the additional forage would offset the decrease in milk production and the increase in harvesting costs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–651

Title

Evaluation of Animal Production under Different Systems of Grazing

W.K. Kennedy; J.T. Reid; M.J. Anderson Journal of Dairy Science 1959. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(59)90635-6

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect The 3-paddock rotational system maintained milk production as well as or better than the 6-paddock, strip and zero grazing systems.
Intervention effect Milk production per acre was as high for the 3-paddock system as for the other grazing methods.
Intervention effect More excess forage was harvested from the zero grazing system than from the other systems.
Intervention effect The zero grazing system was associated with an increase in harvesting costs.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher manganese and boron concentrations were associated with decrease in barley yield.

Taxon: BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: manganese and boron coucentrationse0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“A decrease in yield and an increase in spotting were found to be associated with an increase in the manganese and boron coucentrations of the solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–487

e1
“Barley plants grown in standard Hoagland solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–227

Title

Manganese and Boron Toxicities in Standard Culture Solutions1

D. Emerton Williams; James Vlamis Soil Science Society of America Journal 1957. doi:10.2136/sssaj1957.03615995002100020018x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were toxic to barley.
Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were slightly toxic to lettuce.
Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were non-toxic to tomato plants.
Observation Barley in standard Hoagland solution developed dark brown older-leaf spots.
Association Higher manganese and boron concentrations were associated with increase in barley spotting.
Association Barley leaf manganese content correlated with toxicity symptoms.
Intervention effect Decreasing the manganese concentration repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect increasing the macro-salt concentration repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect adding sodium silicate repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect Supplemental calcium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Supplemental magnesium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Supplemental potassium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Silicon repressed barley manganese toxicity symptoms.
Intervention effect Silicon had no effect on barley leaf manganese content.
Intervention effect Reducing the boron concentration eliminated boron spotting in barley.
Intervention effect increasing the macro-salt concentration eliminated boron spotting in barley.
Intervention effect Added silicon slightly reduced barley boron necrosis.
Observation Winter-grown barley tolerated higher manganese before toxicity symptoms than summer-grown plants.
Observation Winter-grown barley tolerated higher boron concentrations before toxicity symptoms than summer-grown plants.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield is inferred to decrease by ten to thirty per cent in the disease.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Interactor: Aphelenchoides oryzaeAphelenchoides oryzaee1pathogen
Outcome: yielde2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: Ten to thirty per cente2
Qualifier: inferrede2

Verbatim

t0
“A Rice Nematode Disease "Senchu Shingare Byo" : Ⅰ. Symptom and Pathogenic Nematode”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82

e2
“Ten to thirty per cent decrease in yield is inferred”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1094–1146

e1
“The causal nematode, Aphelenchoides oryzae Yokoo, is characteristic in having star shaped, trifurcated mucro at its tail end”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1218–1342

Title

A Rice Nematode Disease "Senchu Shingare Byo" : Ⅰ. Symptom and Pathogenic Nematode

Hazime Yoshii; Shigeo Yamamoto Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1950. doi:10.5109/22625

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Bleached-tip symptoms appear on rice after the beginning of elongation growth in upland and watered fields.
Observation The leaf tip of about 2 to 5 cm becomes pale yellowish green to white or transparent.
Observation The discolored part later becomes brownish and is torn off.
Observation Affected leaves are considerably shortened and usually twisted at the apical portion.
Observation Leaves with bleached-tips or white-tips are commonly situated alternately on a stem.
Observation Sometimes the bleached-tip symptoms are invisible on the whole leaves of affected plants.
Observation In paddy fields in Kyushu, about three times as many stems are affected by the pathogen as show white tips.
Observation Affected plants are usually stunted.
Observation Affected plants have many tillers with dark green colored leaves.
Observation Tillers from higher nodes are often observed on affected plants.
Association The ear length of affected plants is reduced.
Observation Unhulled grain of affected plants becomes slender.
Association The percentage of fragmental grain is increased on affected plants.
Observation The disease spreads widely in Japan, from Hokkaido to Kyushu.
Observation The causal nematode Aphelenchoides oryzae has a star-shaped, trifurcated mucro at its tail end.
Observation The tail end of the male nematode bends when killed by heat.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cotton turgor decreased particularly rapidly.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutume0
Outcome: turgore1
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: particularly rapide0

Verbatim

e0
“This decrease was particularly rapid in cotton.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1568–1615

e1
“a slower rate of decrease in turgor”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1501–1536

Title

Studies of the water relations of crop plants grown under natural rainfall in northern Australia.

RO Slatyer Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1955. doi:10.1071/ar9550365

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fifty percent shading caused a slight decrease in seed viability when begun before heading.

Taxon: Alopeculus aequalist0
Treatment: 50% shading of sunlighte0
Outcome: seed viabilitye0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: when shading was started half a month before headinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“50% shading of sunlight was less influential, except causing only slight decrease in the seed viability when shading was started half a month before heading.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 425–582

t0
“Alopeculus aequalis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–41

Title

Ecological Studies on Alopeculus aequalis Sobol : 5. On the influence of light intensity upon growth of the weed, viability of seeds at various stages of maturity and seed production. : 6. On the compost and the methods of field management as agents in seed dissemination.

Masao ARAI; Takayoshi KATAOKA; Hideo CHISAKA Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1958. doi:10.1626/jcs.27.129

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Eighty percent shading distinctly decreased the number of viable seeds at various maturity stages.
Intervention effect Storage in compost caused weed seeds to lose viability.
Observation Seed dissemination in fields occurs mainly from weeds growing in the field.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

200 lb N per acre caused a significant decrease in the number of large nodules per gram of clover root.

Taxon: white cloverTrifolium repense0
Treatment: 200 1b. of nitrogen per acree1
Outcome: number of large nodules per gram of roote1
Direction: decreasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Experiments are described in which a study was made of the top growth, root weight, nodule number, and type of nodules of white clover growing in a grass sward in the field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–172

e1
“the application of 200 1b. of nitrogen per acre caused a significant decrease in the number of large nodules per gram of root”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–975

Title

A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN ON THE ROOT WEIGHT AND NODULATION OF WHITE CLOVER IN A MIXED SWARD

Dorothy J. B. Young Grass and Forage Science 1958. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00119.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

“decrease in A”

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