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Method / resourceauthor interpretationreview summarypositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Hyperspectral analysis can assess plant disease severity.

Taxon
plantt0
Outcome
severity of the diseasee0
Value
severitye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“assess the severity of the disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 501–535
t0

“plant disease detection”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 56–79

Title

A review of hyperspectral image analysis techniques for plant disease detection and identif ication.

A F Cheshkova PubMed 2022. doi:10.18699/vjgb-22-25

Other claims from this paper (4)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The proposed CNN detected corn gray leaf spot severity with a best accuracy of 95.33% in the high-risk severity level images.

Outcome
detection accuracye1
Value
95.33%e1

Verbatim

e0

“CGLS disease detection on corn plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–431
e1

“which gives the best detection accuracy of 95.33% in high-risk severity level image”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–553

Title

Detection of Corn Gray Leaf Spot Severity Levels using Deep Learning Approach

Anupam Baliyan; Vinay Kukreja; Vikas Salonki; et al. 2021 9th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO) 2021. doi:10.1109/icrito51393.2021.9596540

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Higher-severity fire may be an important tool for restoring fire-adapted communities where low-severity fire cannot produce meaningful forest structure and community changes.

Taxon
fire-adapted communitiese0
Treatment
higher-severity firee0
Outcome
important tool in restoring fire-adapted communitiese0

Verbatim

e0

“higher-severity fire may be an important tool in restoring fire-adapted communities where low-severity fire lacks the ability to produce meaningful forest structure and community changes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2204–2390

Title

Higher severity fire increases the long-term competitiveness of pyrophytes in an upland oak-pine forest, Kentucky, USA

Scott G. Culbert; Mary A. Arthur; Claudia A. Cotton; et al. Fire Ecology 2025. doi:10.1186/s42408-024-00340-5

Other claims from this paper (10)
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Support vector regression is generally suitable for deriving continuous wheat disease severity values, but uncertainty in the reference severity data is the crucial point.

Outcome
suitable for the derivation of continual disease severity valuese5
Qualifier
the crucial point is the uncertainty in the reference severity datae5

Verbatim

e2

“to derive the disease severity caused by leaf rust (Puccinina recondita) in wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 815–896
e5

“The results show that the SVR is generally suitable for the derivation of continual disease severity values, but the crucial point is the uncertainty in the reference severity data, which is used to train the regression”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1139–1358

Title

Derivation of stress severities in wheat from hyperspectral data using support vector regression

T Mewes; B Waske; J Franke; et al. 2010 2nd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing 2010. doi:10.1109/whispers.2010.5594921

Other claims from this paper (2)
Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Environmental factors influence the severity of crop disease epidemics.

Taxon
crope0
Outcome
severity of crop disease epidemicse0

Verbatim

e0

“The current review describes environmental factors that influence severity of crop disease epidemics”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1696–1796

Title

Climate Change Potential Impacts on Plant Diseases and their Management

Wafaa M. Haggag; Mohamed Saber; H. F. Abouziena; et al. Der pharmacia lettre 2016

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In maize, disease severity at Merak was 6.67%.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse4
Outcome
disease severitye5
Value
6.67%e5
Setting
Merake5

Verbatim

e4

“In Nimmo, maximum disease incidence (62%) and maximum disease severity (42%), in maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 432–518
e5

“Merak which showed 16% disease incidence and 6.67% disease severity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–615

Title

Pathological survey of barley, maize, wheat crop grown in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Anjali Ghai; Manisha Phour; Narendra Singh; et al. Journal of Hill Agriculture 2018. doi:10.5958/2230-7338.2018.00020.4

Other claims from this paper (11)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The proposed severity scale for pomegranate wilt has nine grades.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatumt0
Interactor
Ceratocystis fimbtiatat1pathogen
Outcome
disease severitye1
Value
nine gradese1

Verbatim

t0

“Pomegranate Wilt Disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–49
t1

“Ceratocystis fimbtiata”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–82
e1

“The system contains nine grades in disease severity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–608

Title

Severity Scale System of Pomegranate Wilt Disease Caused by Ceratocystis fimbtiata Ellis & Halst

Deng Ji Zhongguo nongye Kexue 2005

Other claims from this paper (1)
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Curvularia stem blight severity ranged between 2 and 25 lesions per stem.

Interactor
CurvulariaCurvulariat0pathogen
Outcome
severitye3
Value
2 and 25 lesions per steme3
Qualifier
number of lesionse3

Verbatim

t0

“Severity of Curvularia Stem Blight Disease of Cassava in West Africa”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–68
e3

“severity (number of lesions) between 2 and 25 lesions per stem”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 240–302

Title

Severity of Curvularia Stem Blight Disease of Cassava in West Africa

W. Msikita; H. Baimey; B. D. James Plant Disease 2007. doi:10.1094/pdis-91-11-1430

Other claims from this paper (11)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest that avoidance or escape may explain differences in blight severity among clones.

Taxon
Lowbush BlueberryVaccinium angustifoliume1
Outcome
differences in the severity of blighte0
Qualifier
avoidance or escapee0

Verbatim

e0

“avoidance or escape may account for differences in the severity of blight among clones”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2984–3070
e1

“Lowbush Blueberry Clones”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–79

Title

Variation in the Severity of Mummy Berry Disease among Lowbush Blueberry Clones

Laura Penman DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) 2003

Other claims from this paper (14)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The severity of chilling injury in lemon increased gradually during the cold storage.

Outcome
severitye2
Direction
gradual increasee2

Verbatim

t0

“Essential Oils and Chilling Injury in Lemon”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–43
e2

“followed by a gradual increase in severity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–369

Title

Essential Oils and Chilling Injury in Lemon

D.M. Obenland; D.A. Margosan; L.G. Houck; et al. HortScience 1997. doi:10.21273/hortsci.32.1.108

Other claims from this paper (9)
Observationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing defoliation severity requires morphological adjustments for homeostatic whole-plant growth.

Taxon
plante0
Treatment
defoliation severity increasese0
Outcome
morphological adjustmentse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“as defoliation severity increases, morphological adjustments are needed to ensure homeostatic, whole-plant growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 687–800

Title

Morphogenetic and structural determinants of plant regrowth after defoliation

D. F. Chapman; Gérard-Georges Lemaire UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) 1993

Other claims from this paper (2)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The publication states that sound disease management reduces lawn disease severity.

Taxon
lawne0
Outcome
reduces the severity of lawn diseasese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“A sound disease management program benefits your lawn in two ways: reduces the severity of lawn diseases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 144–248

Title

Disease Management in the Home Lawn

Paul Vincelli; Andrew J. Powell UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) 1990

Other claims from this paper (3)
Associationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The number and severity of mango diseases vary among cultivars.

Material
cultivarse2
Outcome
number and severity of diseasese2
Direction
varye2

Verbatim

e2

“The number and severity of diseases vary as to cultivars”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 121–177
t0

“Diseases of mango”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–17

Title

Diseases of mango and their control

M. Osiqul Hoque 1985

Other claims from this paper (1)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend erosion extent and severity for monitoring pastoral productivity.

Outcome
extent and severity of erosione0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Total shrub and tree cover and the extent and severity of erosion are recommended as the most useful variables for monitoring changes in pastoral productivity of the semi-arid woodlands”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1306–1491

Title

Factors contributing to differences in forage yield in the semi-arid woodlands.

AD Wilson; DJ Tongway; GJ Tupper The Rangeland Journal 1988. doi:10.1071/rj9880013

Other claims from this paper (10)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Southern leaf blight severity on FR27×Pa91 ranged from 0-5% at Tolono, IL.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Material
FR27×Pa91e1
Interactor
Bipolaris maydisBipolaris maydist0pathogen
Outcome
Severity of SLBe1
Value
0-5%e1
Setting
Tolono, ILe1

Verbatim

t0

“Three Maize Hybrids and Severity of Southern Leaf Blight Caused by Race O of Bipolaris maydis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–124
e1

“Severity of SLB in mid- to late August ranged from 0-5% on FR27×Pa91 at Tolono, IL, to 10-40% on Pioneer 3183 at Urbana, IL”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–123

Title

Relationships Between Yield of Three Maize Hybrids and Severity of Southern Leaf Blight Caused by Race O of Bipolaris maydis

K. J. Byrnes Plant Disease 1989. doi:10.1094/pd-73-0834

Other claims from this paper (6)
Associationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Drought influences the severity of many root diseases of tropical crops.

Taxon
tropical cropt0
Treatment
Droughte3
Outcome
severity of many root diseasese3

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

t0

“tropical crop diseases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–85
e3

“Drought is a factor which influences the severity of many root diseases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1142

Title

The influence of climate on the incidence and severity of some tropical crop diseases

J. M. Waller Annals of Applied Biology 1976. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1976.tb01759.x

Other claims from this paper (2)
Associationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Characteristics of tropical climates have a fundamental influence on the incidence and severity of many tropical crop diseases.

Taxon
tropical cropt0
Treatment
characteristics of tropical climatese1
Outcome
incidence and severitye1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

t0

“tropical crop diseases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–85
e1

“Certain characteristics of tropical climates have a fundamental influence on the incidence and severity of many of these diseases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–337

Title

The influence of climate on the incidence and severity of some tropical crop diseases

J. M. Waller Annals of Applied Biology 1976. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1976.tb01759.x

Other claims from this paper (2)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Ca level in transpiring green plant parts explains the linkage with severity of Ca-deficiency disorders in sink organs such as fruits and seeds.

Taxon
Ricinus communisRicinus communise0
Outcome
degree of severity of Ca-deficiency disorderse2
Qualifier
Ca-level in transpiring green plant partse2

Verbatim

e0

“Sieve tube exudate was obtained from Ricinus communis plants grown on nutrient solutions with varying K: Ca ratio”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–113
e2

“The observed correlations explain the generally observed linkage between the Ca-level in transpiring green plant parts and the degree of severity of Ca-deficiency disorders sometimes observed in fruits, seeds or other carbohydrate sink regions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 241–484

Title

Ca-CONTENT OF THE PHLOEM SAP IN RELATION TO Ca-STATUS OF THE PLANT

L. K. Wiersum Acta Botanica Neerlandica 1979. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1979.tb00337.x

Other claims from this paper (1)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The unprecedented severity of the 1961 rust may be attributed in part to favorable environmental conditions.

Outcome
unprecedented severity of this ruste1
Qualifier
may be attributed in part to favorable environmental conditionse1

Verbatim

t0

“Wheat yields reduced in 1961 by: Stripe rust epidemic in central California”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–75
e1

“The unprecedented severity of this rust in the Sutter Basin in 1961 may be attributed in part to favorable environmental conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 116–247

Title

Wheat yields reduced in 1961 by: Stripe rust epidemic in central California

P. M. Halisky; J Prato; B. R. Houston; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 1962

Other claims from this paper (2)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The unprecedented severity of the 1961 rust may indicate a recent shift in pathogenic races.

Outcome
unprecedented severity of this ruste1
Qualifier
may indicate a recent shift in pathogenic racese2

Verbatim

t0

“Wheat yields reduced in 1961 by: Stripe rust epidemic in central California”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–75
e1

“The unprecedented severity of this rust in the Sutter Basin in 1961 may be attributed in part to favorable environmental conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 116–247
e2

“may indicate a recent shift in pathogenic races of the organism”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 271–334

Title

Wheat yields reduced in 1961 by: Stripe rust epidemic in central California

P. M. Halisky; J Prato; B. R. Houston; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 1962

Other claims from this paper (2)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors do not recommend irradiation for preservation of Florida citrus fruits because of peel injury.

Taxon
Florida citrus fruitse0
Outcome
irradia tion cannot be recommended for preservatione0
Qualifier
severity of peel injurye0

Verbatim

e0

“In view of the severity of peel injury irradia tion cannot be recommended for preservation of Florida citrus fruits.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1327–1443

Title

IRRADIATION OF DUNCAN GRAPEFRUIT, PINEAPPLE, AND VALENCIA ORANGES AND TEMPLES.

R.A. Dennison; W. Grierson; E. M. AHMED OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) 1966

Other claims from this paper (11)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A formula is proposed for the degree of severity (%) of rice sheath blight.

Interactor
Hyp. Sasakii Shiraie0pathogen
Outcome
Degree of severity(%)e1
Value
3N×100e1

Verbatim

e0

“For estimating the degree of damage of the rice plants affected with sheath blight (Hyp. Sasakii Shirai)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–104
e1

“Degree of severity(%)=3n1+2n2+1n3+0n4/3N×100”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 142–186

Title

On the scala for estimating degree of severity of Sheath blight by Hypochnus Sasakii SHIRAI in rice plant

Shoji YOSHIMURA Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 1954. doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.19.58

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The acid treatment differentiated barley samples into groups corresponding to the severity of harvest treatment.

Outcome
groups corresponding to severity of harvest treatmente1

Verbatim

t0

“MECHANICAL DAMAGE OF BARLEY”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–87
e1

“The treatment differentiated samples into groups corresponding to severity of harvest treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 240–335

Title

GERMINATION OF ACID-TREATED SAMPLES AS A MEANS OF ASSESSING MECHANICAL DAMAGE OF BARLEY

F. Caldwell; G. Hampson Journal of the Institute of Brewing 1958. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1958.tb01676.x

Other claims from this paper (4)

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