Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical-kernel endosperme1
Outcome: dry weighte1
Direction: smallere1
Value: 24%e1
Qualifier: at maturitye1
Comparator: basal-kernel endosperme3

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–637

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Catalase per ovule decreased rapidly after seed ripening began as water content fell.

Taxon: seede1
Organ / stage: ovulee1
Gene: Catalasee2
Outcome: Catalasee2
Direction: decreasese0
Qualifier: with decrease of water contente0

Verbatim

e0
“after the ripening process begins, it decreases rapidly with decrease of water content.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1100–1187

e1
“It increases per ovule as the seed grows”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1054–1094

e2
“Catalase in ripening seeds decreases per unit both of wet and of dry weight.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 977–1053

Title

Divergence of Catalase and Respiration in Germination

Louisa E. Rhine Botanical Gazette 1924. doi:10.1086/333355

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Catalase decreased in early germination in six seed kinds.
Observation Catalase rose after its initial decrease during germination.
Observation Catalase slowly decreased almost to exhaustion in seeds soaked for a prolonged period in oxygen-free water.
Observation Catalase decreased in the embryo of germinating wheat.
Observation Catalase decreased in the endosperm of germinating wheat.
Observation Catalase subsequently rose in the wheat embryo.
Observation Catalase subsequently rose in the wheat endosperm to a much lesser extent.
Method / resource A respirometer permits repeated direct oxygen and carbon dioxide measurements on large samples.
Observation Respiration rose immediately when seeds were placed under germinating conditions.
Observation The early respiration curve diverged from the typical germination catalase curve.
Observation Catalase per unit wet weight decreased in ripening seeds.
Observation Catalase per unit dry weight decreased in ripening seeds.
Observation Catalase per ovule increased as seeds grew.
Mechanism Catalase production was indirectly connected with oxidation.
Mechanism The authors propose that hydrogen peroxide could stimulate catalase production.
Recommendation The authors recommend using catalase as a metabolic indicator only where respiration does not change rapidly.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NaCl treatment of grains decreased all studied morphological characteristics of wheat.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Ipa 99e0
Treatment: different concentration of sodium chloridee1
Outcome: morphological characteristicse1
Direction: decreasee1
Qualifier: plant height, leaf area, no. of leaves/ plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system of plante1

Verbatim

e0
“on some morphological and physiological characteristic of wheat plant var Ipa 99”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–385

e1
“treatment of grains with different concentration of sodium chloride caused a decrease of all studied morphological characteristics (plant height, leaf area, no. of leaves/ plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system of plant)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–758

Title

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND ZINC ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF WHEAT PLANT Triticum aestivum L.

SAADI S. KHAMEES; RAJAA F. HAMDI; SAEID A. FAIATH Journal of university of Anbar for pure science 2013. doi:10.37652/juaps.2013.82756

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The second PM irrigation cycle had a 6% decrease in water application efficiency and leached 104 ml.

Taxon: cotoneasterCotoneastere1
Outcome: water application efficiency (WAE)e0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 6%e0
Qualifier: 104 ml of water leachede0

Verbatim

e0
“In the second cycle, water application efficiency (WAE) decreased 6% resulting in 104 ml of water leached”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2032–2137

t0
“NURSERY CROPS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–100

e1
“Total dry weight of cotoneaster was 18% greater when grown in PBC compared to cotoneaster grown in PBS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1052–1154

Title

A GRAVIMETRIC APPROACH TO REAL-TIME MONITORING OF SUBSTRATE WETNESS IN CONTAINER-GROWN NURSERY CROPS

J.S. Owen, Jr.; S.L. Warren; T.E. Bilderback Acta Horticulturae 2009. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2009.819.37

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant size fell significantly in spring and recovered in summer.

Taxon: white cloverTrifolium repenst0
Outcome: plant sizee0
Direction: decreasee0
Setting: springe0

Verbatim

e0
“strong seasonal variations in plant size (leaf and stolon dry weight, stolon length, and numbers of stolons and leaves per plant) which showed a significant decrease in spring with recovery over the following summer”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 861–1076

t0
“white clover”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–26

Title

Morphology of white clover (Trifolium repensL.) plants in pastures under intensive sheep grazing

J. L. Brock; M. J. M. Hay; V. J. Thomas; et al. The Journal of Agricultural Science 1988. doi:10.1017/s0021859600083210

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Less branched plants increased from 60 to 80% in spring.
Observation Roots per plant peaked in early spring before declining.
Intervention effect Grazing system did not significantly affect branching structure.
Intervention effect Rotationally grazed plants had 2.5 times the dry weight of set stocked plants.
Observation Successive branch orders had shorter stolons and less length before branching.
Observation The highest observed branching order was sixth.
Association Branching was unrelated to root numbers.
Observation Only 55% of stolons of branched plants were rooted, regardless of order.
Observation Rooted stolons made up 85% of total stolon length.
Observation Rooted stolons carried 62% of leaves.
Observation Rooted stolons carried 48% of growing points and 90% of axillary buds.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cotyledon acetone insoluble solids decreased after 84 hours.

Taxon: Cyamopsis tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
Organ / stage: cotyledonse1
Outcome: acetone‐insoluble‐solidse0
Direction: net decreasee0
Qualifier: 84e0

Verbatim

e0
“the acetone‐insoluble‐solids, nitrogen and phosphorus showed only a net decrease after 84, 36 and 36 hr, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 950–1067

e1
“In the cotyledons, the dry weight temporarily increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–944

t0
“Cyamopsis tetragonoloba”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 133–156

Title

THE ROLE OF THE ENDOSPERM IN THE GERMINATION OF LEGUMES: GALACTOMANNAN, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS CHANGES IN THE GERMINATION OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA; LEGUMINOSAE)

John H. McClendon; William G. Nolan; Herman F. Wenzler American Journal of Botany 1976. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb11868.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation Guar endosperm contained 41% of seed dry weight.
Observation Guar endosperm contained 45% of seed acetone insoluble solids.
Observation Guar endosperm contained only 3–11% of seed nitrogen and phosphorus.
Observation At least 75% of endosperm acetone insoluble solids was galactomannan.
Observation About 12% of endosperm acetone insoluble solids was other listed constituents.
Observation All endosperm galactomannan disappeared during five days of germination.
Observation All but 5% of endosperm dry weight disappeared during germination.
Observation About one third of nitrogen and phosphorus from endosperm and seed coat translocated.
Observation Nitrogen and acetone insoluble solids accumulated linearly in the seedling axis after a 36-hour lag.
Observation Axis dry weight and phosphorus increased rapidly, then accumulated more slowly.
Observation Cotyledon dry weight temporarily increased.
Observation Cotyledon nitrogen and phosphorus decreased after 36 hours.
Observation Endosperm consisted largely of solid galactomannan without cell lumina.
Observation The endosperm aleurone layer was metabolically active.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Net bunch water import decreased 90% with development.

Taxon: Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
Outcome: Bunch net water import ratese0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 90%e0

Not reportedOrgan / stage

Verbatim

t0
“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–42

e0
“Bunch net water import rates also showed a 90% decrease with development from 1.0 to 0.1 g g (dry wt)-1 d-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 813–920

Title

Water flux of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz bunches throughout development and in relation to late-season weight loss

Greer, Dennis; id_orcid 0000-0002-9083-9939; Rogiers, Suzy Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO) 2009

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Regulators increased leaf cytokinin pools and decreased stem pools.

Taxon: tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 t0
Outcome: cytokinin pool in leaves and a decrease in stemse0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 t0

Verbatim

e0
“Growth regulators induced an increase in the cytokinin pool in leaves and a decrease in stems.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2707–2801

e1
“plant height increased significantly”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1327–1363

e2
“number of leaves per plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1434–1460

e3
“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1733–1769

e4
“dry matter of the whole plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1901–1930

e5
“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2005–2041

e6
“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2208–2239

e7
“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2376–2422

t0
“tomatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–67

Title

Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and yield of tomatoes under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole

V. V. Rogach; V. G. Kuryata; I. V. Kosakivska; et al. Biosystems Diversity 2022. doi:10.15421/012215

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect Gibberellic acid increased plant height.
Intervention effect Tebuconazole decreased plant height.
Intervention effect Gibberellic acid increased leaf number.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased leaf blade number and leaf area.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased leaf mass and area.
Intervention effect Gibberellic acid increased stem and root dry matter.
Intervention effect Tebuconazole decreased stem and root dry matter.
Intervention effect Gibberellic acid increased whole-plant dry matter.
Intervention effect Tebuconazole did not change whole-plant dry matter.
Intervention effect Tebuconazole increased leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Gibberellic acid decreased leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased columnar parenchyma cell volume.
Intervention effect Gibberellic acid increased spongy parenchyma cell size.
Intervention effect Tebuconazole did not change spongy parenchyma cell size.
Intervention effect Gibberellic acid raised endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid in stems and leaves.
Intervention effect Tebuconazole lowered endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid.
Observation Tebuconazole increased ABA in stems and leaves; gibberellic acid decreased it.
Observation Gibberellic acid increased fruit number, while tebuconazole increased mean fruit weight.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cotyledon nitrogen and phosphorus decreased after 36 hours.

Taxon: Cyamopsis tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
Organ / stage: cotyledonse1
Outcome: nitrogen and phosphoruse0
Direction: net decreasee0
Qualifier: 36 hre0

Verbatim

e0
“the acetone‐insoluble‐solids, nitrogen and phosphorus showed only a net decrease after 84, 36 and 36 hr, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 950–1067

e1
“In the cotyledons, the dry weight temporarily increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–944

t0
“Cyamopsis tetragonoloba”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 133–156

Title

THE ROLE OF THE ENDOSPERM IN THE GERMINATION OF LEGUMES: GALACTOMANNAN, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS CHANGES IN THE GERMINATION OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA; LEGUMINOSAE)

John H. McClendon; William G. Nolan; Herman F. Wenzler American Journal of Botany 1976. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb11868.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation Guar endosperm contained 41% of seed dry weight.
Observation Guar endosperm contained 45% of seed acetone insoluble solids.
Observation Guar endosperm contained only 3–11% of seed nitrogen and phosphorus.
Observation At least 75% of endosperm acetone insoluble solids was galactomannan.
Observation About 12% of endosperm acetone insoluble solids was other listed constituents.
Observation All endosperm galactomannan disappeared during five days of germination.
Observation All but 5% of endosperm dry weight disappeared during germination.
Observation About one third of nitrogen and phosphorus from endosperm and seed coat translocated.
Observation Nitrogen and acetone insoluble solids accumulated linearly in the seedling axis after a 36-hour lag.
Observation Axis dry weight and phosphorus increased rapidly, then accumulated more slowly.
Observation Cotyledon dry weight temporarily increased.
Observation Cotyledon acetone insoluble solids decreased after 84 hours.
Observation Endosperm consisted largely of solid galactomannan without cell lumina.
Observation The endosperm aleurone layer was metabolically active.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant size and measured stolon, leaf and root characteristics fell to minima in late spring.

Taxon: white cloverTrifolium repenst0
Outcome: plant sizee0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“A corresponding decrease in plant size was observed, with minimum values measured for most characteristics, i.e., stolon, leaf and root dry weight (DW); stolon length, and number of leaves, roots and growing points”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 454–668

t0
“White clover plant morphology in Waikato dairy pastures”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–55

Title

White clover plant morphology in Waikato dairy pastures

S.L. Harris Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 1993. doi:10.33584/jnzg.1993.55.2099

Other claims from this paper (6)

“dry weight decrease”

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