Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

GA3 increased leaf ZG, Z and ZR and fruit number; EW-250 increased fruit weight.

Taxon: Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
Outcome: productivity of sweet pepper plantse0

Verbatim

e0
“Growth regulators optimized the productivity of sweet pepper plants: under the action of GA3 there was an increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of EW-250 there was a rise in the average weight of one fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2827–3056

t0
“sweet pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–78

e1
“productivity of Capsicum annuum L., Antey variety”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–606

e2
“Both regulators led to an increase in the number of leaves on the plant, the leaf raw biomass, stems and roots and the dry matter of the whole plant, the area of a single leaf blade and the total area of leaves on the plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1445–1668

e3
“With GA3 treatment, plant height increased considerably, while with EW-250, it decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1355–1443

e4
“Under the action of EW-250, the chlorophyll content in the leaves surged, while under the action of GA3 it tended to decrease or did not change at all”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1670–1820

e5
“GA3 treatment induced a rise in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, and EW-250 led, on the contrary, to a decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1922–2048

e6
“It is shown that after treatment with exogenous GA3, the content of endogenous IAA and ABA decreased and GA3 in plant stems increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2050–2183

e7
“Under the action of the retardant, the level of ABA in the leaves did not change, while GA3 and IAA decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2366–2475

Title

Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and productivity of sweet pepper under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole

V. V. Rogach; V. G. Kuryata; I. V. Kosakivska; et al. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 2021. doi:10.15421/022139

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect GA3 increased plant height.
Intervention effect EW-250 decreased plant height.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased leaf number and biomass.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased stem, root and whole plant dry matter.
Intervention effect Both regulators expanded single leaf and total leaf area.
Intervention effect EW-250 increased leaf chlorophyll.
Intervention effect GA3 tended to lower or leave unchanged leaf chlorophyll.
Intervention effect Both regulators thickened chlorenchyma and enlarged columnar parenchyma cells.
Intervention effect GA3 thickened both epidermal surfaces.
Intervention effect EW-250 decreased epidermal thickness.
Intervention effect GA3 decreased stem IAA and ABA.
Intervention effect GA3 increased endogenous stem GA3.
Intervention effect EW-250 reduced stem GA3, IAA and ABA.
Intervention effect GA3 raised leaf GA3 and IAA.
Intervention effect GA3 inhibited leaf ABA.
Intervention effect EW-250 left leaf ABA unchanged.
Intervention effect EW-250 lowered leaf GA3 and IAA.
Intervention effect Both regulators reduced stem cytokinin pools.
Intervention effect EW-250 increased leaf hormone content, specifically iP.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: Mycorrhizal (+M)e0
Interactor: Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
Outcome: root and shoot biomasse0
Direction: greatere0
Comparator: non-mycorrhizal (-M)e0

Verbatim

e0
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soaking for 2 hours decreased electrolyte leakage from sorghum seed.

Taxon: sorghumSorghumt0
Material: Numbu and Super1e2
Treatment: soaking duration 2 hourse4
Outcome: electrolyte leakagee4
Direction: decreaseinferrede4
Setting: Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratorye1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“seed vigor of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–95

e4
“The priming treatment with soaking duration 2 hours has positive significant effect on seed vigor, in terms of germination rate, shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight, and electrolyte leakage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 743–948

e1
“Research on priming was conducted in Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratory”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–216

e2
“Sorghum seed variety of Numbu and Super1 were used as varieties tested”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 505–575

Title

Effect of soaking duration in hydropriming on seed vigor of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)

Oom Komalasari; Ramlah Arief IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2020. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/484/1/012121

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Priming significantly increased germination percentage and germination rate of sorghum seed.
Intervention effect Priming significantly increased shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight of sorghum seedlings.
Intervention effect Soaking for 2 hours increased germination rate, shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight of sorghum seed.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding surfactants to the CaCl2 dip lowered fruit Ca concentration to 230 to 250 ppm compared with the CaCl2 dip alone.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: surfactants were added to the CaCl 2 solutione2
Outcome: Ca concentration in dipped fruite2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2
Value: 230 to 250 ppme2
Comparator: dipped in 4% CaCl 2 (wt/vol)e1

Verbatim

t0
“Calcium Concentration in Apple Fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–36

e1
“Undipped fruit contained 203 ppm Ca and fruit dipped in 4% CaCl 2 (wt/vol) contained 278 ppm Ca, dry weight basis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–325

e2
“When surfactants were added to the CaCl 2 solution, the Ca concentration in dipped fruit was 230 to 250 ppm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–434

Title

Calcium Concentration in Apple Fruit Resulting from Calcium Chloride Dips Modified by Surfactants and Thickeners1

J. L. Mason; J. M. McDougald; B. G. Drought HortScience 1974. doi:10.21273/hortsci.9.2.122

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Dipping apples in 4% CaCl2 raised fruit Ca concentration to 278 ppm from 203 ppm in undipped fruit.
Intervention effect Adding thickeners with surfactants raised fruit Ca concentration to 373 to 825 ppm compared with the CaCl2 dip alone.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Veracruz yielded 0.59 t ha-1 at 90 mM NaCl, a 44% decline and the lowest decline among genotypes.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Material: ‘Veracruz’e0
Treatment: 90 mM NaCle0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: reductione0
Value: 44%e0
Qualifier: 0.59 t ha-1e0
Comparator: control conditionse0

Verbatim

e0
“The landrace ‘Veracruz’ produced the lowest yield, 1.06 t ha-1 under control conditions and 0.59 t ha-1 when treated with 90 mM NaCl, amounting to a 44% reduction that was, however, the lowest yield decrease among all genotypes tested”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 487–721

t0
“tomato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–49

e1
“Yield and dry biomass weight of roots, stems and leaves were reduced by increasing salinity stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 276–374

Title

Growth, yield and fruit quality of Mexican tomato landraces in response to salt stress

Peter LADEWIG; Libia I. TREJO-TÉLLEZ; Roselia SERVÍN-JUÁREZ; et al. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2021. doi:10.15835/nbha49112005

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Increasing salinity reduced tomato yield.
Intervention effect Increasing salinity reduced root, stem and leaf dry biomass.
Intervention effect Fruit quality improved with increasing salinity, with genotype-dependent magnitude.
Observation Veracruz yielded 1.06 t ha-1 under control conditions.
Intervention effect Veracruz alone had a reduced root/shoot ratio at high salinity.
Intervention effect Campeche yield declined by 71.1% at 30 mM relative to control.
Intervention effect Campeche yield declined by 80.1% at 60 mM relative to control.
Intervention effect Campeche yield declined by 89.6% at 90 mM relative to control.
Observation Veracruz fruit had the highest °Brix at each salinity level.
Intervention effect Oaxaca fruit °Brix increased by 109.2% from control to 90 mM NaCl.
Intervention effect Puebla fruit °Brix increased by 110.4% from control to 90 mM NaCl.
Intervention effect At 90 mM NaCl, Oaxaca fruit pH fell by 6.1% relative to control.
Intervention effect At 90 mM NaCl, Oaxaca fruit total soluble sugars rose by 106.7% relative to control.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Outcome: lower growth rate and smaller size of apical kernelse1
Qualifier: differences in prepollination floret developmente1

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“the lower growth rate and smaller size of apical kernels are not solely determined by differences in prepollination floret development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1581–1715

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt concentration increase percentage of dead leaves.

Taxon: Apple (M. pomila)Malus domesticat0
Treatment: increasing salt concentratione0
Outcome: percentage of dead leavese0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results of this work indicate that increasing salt concentration in the nutrient solution leads to: (a) a decline in the stomata conductance (b) the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content (c) to a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content (d) the reduction of vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area (e) significantly decrease in the leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–2262

t0
“Apple (M. pomila)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–29

Title

Response of Apple (M. pomila) Dwarf Rootstocks To Salinity Stress

Amim Alizadeh; Valida Alizade 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decline stomata conductance.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf water potential and relative water content.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration reduction vegetative shoot growth, diameter of stem and trunk width area.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration decrease leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration non significantly affected number of leaves and number of roots.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase root/leaf ratio.
Intervention effect Increasing salt concentration increase proline amino acid and soluble sugars content in leaves.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verae0
Interactor: Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
Outcome: tolerance to salt stresse0
Direction: improvede0

Verbatim

e0
“pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1155–1229

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water extract (4 000 μg·mL-1) inhibited root length of D.sanguinalis, highest inhibition 35.50%.

Taxon: Phytolacca americanaPhytolacca americanat0
Treatment: water extracte0
Interactor: D.sanguinalisDigitaria sanguinalise0other
Outcome: root lengthe0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 35.50%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Phytolacca americana”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–62

e0
“The ethanolic extract 500-4 000,1 000-4 000 and 2 000-4 000 μg·mL-1 in concentration inhibited the seedlings of D.sanguinalis in root length, height and dry weight,respectively, and the water extract 4 000 μg·mL-1 in concentration did the seedlings in root length,with the highest inhibition rates being 70.31%,44.65%,42.43%,and 35.50%,respectively”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 2057–2403

Title

Allelopathic Activity of the Extract From Phytolacca americana——An Invasive Alien Plant

Yan XiaoHong; Zhang BeiLing; Bing Zhou; et al. Shengtai yu nongcun huanjing xuebao 2012

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin and anilofos both followed by 2,4-D Na gave higher grain yield in rainfed upland rice.

Taxon: rainfed upland riceOryza sativae0
Treatment: Pendimethalin and anilofos both followed by 2, 4-D Na salte2
Outcome: grain yielde2
Direction: highere2
Setting: Field experimentse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Field experiments were conducted during kbarif 1994 and 1995 to evaluate anilofos, butachlor and pendimethalin followed by 2, 4-D Na and without 2, 4-D Na for weed control in direct sown rainfed upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–224

e2
“Pendimethalin and anilofos both followed by 2, 4-D Na salt resulted in maximum decrease in weed dry weight which resulted in higher grain yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 306–449

Title

Weed Management for Direct Sown Rice under Rainfed Upland Conditions

B. D. Kalia; A. D. Bindra Indian Journal of Weed Science 1997

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Herbicide application significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds in rainfed upland rice.
Intervention effect Pendimethalin and anilofos both followed by 2,4-D Na gave the maximum decrease in weed dry weight.
Intervention effect Pendimethalin followed by 2,4-D Na (1.0+0.6 kg/ha) was more effective in controlling grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds.
Intervention effect Anilofos followed by 2,4-D Na (0.4+0.6 kg/ha) was more effective in controlling grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds.
Intervention effect Herbicide application gave an almost similar increase in grain yield of rainfed upland rice.

“dry weight decrease”

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