Search claims · PlantClaims

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel number per ear was independent of floral development stage at silking.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: floral development stage at siikinge0
Outcome: Kernel number per eare0
Direction: independente0

Verbatim

e0
“Kernel number per ear was independent of floral development stage at siiking”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1300–1376

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–55

Title

Kernel Set and Flower Synchrony within the Ear of Maize : I. Sowing Date Effects

María E. Otegui; Soledad Melón Crop Science 1997. doi:10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700020023x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hexose availability was not limiting for kernel set and development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: kernel setting and developmente0
Outcome: Hexose availabilitye0

Verbatim

e0
“Hexose availability was also no limiting factor for kernel setting and development.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1512–1595

t0
“maize flowering”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–37

Title

Drought stress during maize flowering may cause kernel abortion by inhibition of plasma membrane H⁺‐ATPase activity

Birgit W. Hütsch; Franziska Faust; Stephan Jung; et al. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 2024. doi:10.1002/jpln.202300215

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Water deficit decreased maize grain yield by 35% at maturity.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced maize kernel number by 42%.
Observation Source limitation in developing kernels under drought was excluded.
Intervention effect Water deficit did not affect acid invertase activity.
Intervention effect Drought significantly decreased maximal in vitro hydrolytic PM ATPase activity in developing kernels.
Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced the maximal pH gradient at the kernel plasma membrane.
Observation Drought stressed kernel membranes contained fewer proton pumps.
Intervention effect Drought did not cause qualitative changes in ATPase activation energy or Michaelis constant.
Mechanism The authors propose that reduced proton gradient limited hexose transport, starving kernels and contributing to abortion.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vacuolar fructan accumulation had no detectable effect on kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Accumulation of fructan in the vacuolee0
Outcome: kernel developmente0
Direction: no detectable effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Accumulation of fructan in the vacuole had no detectable effect on kernel development or germination.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 651–752

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63

Title

Fructan Accumulation and Sucrose Metabolism in Transgenic Maize Endosperm Expressing a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SacB Gene

P. G. Caimi; L. M. McCole; T. M. Klein; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1996. doi:10.1104/pp.110.2.355

Other claims from this paper (7)

Mechanism Endosperm vacuolar SacB expression led to stable high-molecular-weight fructan accumulation in mature seeds.
Intervention effect Vacuolar fructan accumulation had no detectable effect on germination.
Association Fructan levels were approximately ninefold higher in sh2 mutants than wild-type kernels.
Intervention effect Cytosolic SacB expression severely affected starch synthesis.
Intervention effect Cytosolic SacB expression severely affected endosperm development.
Mechanism Hexose from cytosolic SacB activity was not used for starch synthesis.
Mechanism The authors concluded that starch synthesis in maize endosperm predominantly proceeds through uridine diphosphoglucose via sucrose synthase.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CNI-1493 did not interfere with wheat kernel development.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: CNI-1493e1
Outcome: kernel developmente0
Direction: without interferencee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application during infection of wheat and maize flowers results in strong inhibition of the pathogen without interference with kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–883

e1
“the inhibitor CNI-1493 in vitro”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 705–736

Title

Preventing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Cob Rot of Maize by Inhibition of Fungal Deoxyhypusine Synthase

Mayada Woriedh; Ilona Hauber; Ana Lilia Martinez-Rocha; et al. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2011. doi:10.1094/mpmi-03-10-0068

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Wheat DHS was transcriptionally upregulated during fungal infection.
Observation Fusarium DHS was transcriptionally upregulated during interaction with wheat.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 inhibited wheat, fungal and human DHS equally in vitro.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 strongly inhibited the pathogen during wheat flower infection.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 strongly inhibited the pathogen during maize flower infection.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 did not interfere with maize kernel development.
Recommendation The authors identified fungal DHS as a target for new inhibitors and CNI-1493 as a possible lead.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CNI-1493 did not interfere with maize kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: CNI-1493e1
Outcome: kernel developmente0
Direction: without interferencee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application during infection of wheat and maize flowers results in strong inhibition of the pathogen without interference with kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–883

e1
“the inhibitor CNI-1493 in vitro”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 705–736

Title

Preventing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Cob Rot of Maize by Inhibition of Fungal Deoxyhypusine Synthase

Mayada Woriedh; Ilona Hauber; Ana Lilia Martinez-Rocha; et al. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2011. doi:10.1094/mpmi-03-10-0068

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Wheat DHS was transcriptionally upregulated during fungal infection.
Observation Fusarium DHS was transcriptionally upregulated during interaction with wheat.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 inhibited wheat, fungal and human DHS equally in vitro.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 strongly inhibited the pathogen during wheat flower infection.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 strongly inhibited the pathogen during maize flower infection.
Intervention effect CNI-1493 did not interfere with wheat kernel development.
Recommendation The authors identified fungal DHS as a target for new inhibitors and CNI-1493 as a possible lead.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shading 26–35 days after heading did not influence kernel development.

Taxon: Rice PlantOryza sativat0
Treatment: Shading of the sunlight at the later period of the kernel growth, 26-35 days after headinge0
Outcome: kernel-developmente0
Direction: no influencese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–142

e0
“Shading of the sunlight at the later period of the kernel growth, 26-35 days after heading no influences of the treatment to, the kernel-development was seen”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2364–2521

Title

Studies on the Relation between Seasonal Changes of Carbohydrates Accumulated and the Ripening at the Stage of Generative Growth in Rice Plant

Yoshio SOGA; Michio NOZAKI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1957. doi:10.1626/jcs.26.105

Other claims from this paper (14)

Association Sugars and starch in leaf sheaths and culms were associated with grain production.
Intervention effect Inhibition of photosynthesis decreased starch content faster than sugars.
Intervention effect High nitrogen fertilizer was associated with a sudden carbohydrate decrease about five days before heading.
Intervention effect Inhibiting photosynthesis 16–7 days before heading decreased accumulated carbohydrates.
Intervention effect Early ripening led to lighter thousand-kernel weight.
Observation Early ripening decreased spikelets per ear.
Observation Carbohydrate reaccumulation in culms was maximal among plots with reduced accumulation power.
Intervention effect Shading at 6–15 days after heading caused increased transport of accumulated carbohydrates to the ear.
Observation Shading at 6–15 days after heading increased incompletely developed grains.
Intervention effect Photosynthesis inhibition at 16–25 days after heading delayed grain development.
Observation Photosynthesis inhibition at 16–25 days after heading increased poorly developed grains.
Observation Photosynthesis inhibition at 16–25 days after heading lowered thousand-kernel weight.
Association Culm carbohydrate accumulation was positively related to photosynthetic power and accumulation to the ear.
Observation Authors estimated carbohydrate accumulation suitable for seed production at about 28–29%.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Differential spur stress was not reflected by persistent leaf nitrogen concentration or content during kernel development.

Outcome: nitrogen concentration or content of persistent leavese0
Direction: not reflectede0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“such differential stress was not reflected by the nitrogen concentration or content of persistent leaves during kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1116–1246

Title

Is nitrogen stress more apparent in shaded, fruiting almond spurs than in exposed, non-fruiting spurs?

R. J. Heerema; S. A. Weinbaum; B. D. Lampinen; et al. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2009. doi:10.1080/14620316.2009.11512531

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leucine and valine feedback sensitivity did not change with kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: leucine + valinee0
Outcome: sensitivity of both endosperm and embryo acetolactate synthase activities to feedback inhibitione0
Direction: did not changee0

Verbatim

e0
“The sensitivity of both endosperm and embryo acetolactate synthase activities to feedback inhibition by leucine + valine did not change during kernel development.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1201

t0
“maize”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 45–50

Title

Acetolactate Synthase Activity in Developing Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernels

Michael J. Muhitch PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1988. doi:10.1104/pp.86.1.23

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulphur dusting did not prevent kernel smudge in maturing crops.

Taxon: wheat, rye, and barleyHordeum vulgare Secale cerealeTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: dusting the growing plants with sulphure0
Outcome: development of kernel smudgee0
Direction: not preventede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The development of kernel smudge in the maturing crop was not prevented by dusting the growing plants with sulphur.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1951–2066

e1
“wheat, rye, and barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–40

Title

The "BLACK-POINT" OR "KERNEL SMUDGE" DISEASE OF CEREALS

J. E. Machacek; F. J. Greaney Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research 1938. doi:10.1139/cjr38c-007

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Kernel smudge reduces cereal seed and sales value.
Association Alternaria and Helminthosporium species were chiefly associated with Manitoba kernel smudge.
Method / resource The two fungal kernel smudge types cannot be distinguished accurately without seed laboratory examination.
Observation Alternaria kernel smudge had no marked effect on subsequent wheat germination, emergence, root rot or yield.
Observation H. sativum reduced wheat germination, emergence and yield.
Observation H. sativum increased wheat root rot.
Observation In Manitoba, airborne spores infected kernels around maturation.
Observation Kernel smudge did not produce shrunken kernels; large kernels were often infected.
Intervention effect Organic mercury seed dusting increased seed value of H. sativum affected grain.
Intervention effect Copper carbonate dusting was relatively ineffective.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel DNA content had no apparent relationship with gene expression.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: kernelt0
Outcome: relationship to gene expressione0
Direction: no apparent relationshipe0

Verbatim

e0
“but had no apparent relationship to gene expression.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1080

t0
“maize kernel”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–35

Title

Gene expression during maize kernel development

Douglas C. Doehlert; Leslie J. Smith; Edwin R. Duke Seed Science Research 1994. doi:10.1017/s0960258500002336

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Early maize kernel development showed little dry weight increase.
Observation Early maize kernels accumulated high sugar concentrations.
Observation Early maize kernels accumulated high amino acid concentrations.
Observation Many transcripts appeared at 15 DPP with little evidence of translation.
Observation Total RNA rose suddenly at the initiation of kernel fill at 20 DPP.
Observation Enzyme activities increased at the initiation of kernel fill at 20 DPP.
Observation Storage product accumulation began at the initiation of kernel fill at 20 DPP.
Association Zein accumulation was highly correlated with α-zein transcript abundance during kernel fill.
Association Starch accumulation correlated with ADP-GIc pyrophosphorylase activity.
Association Starch accumulation correlated with Shrunken-2 transcript abundance.
Association Starch accumulation correlated with Brittle-2 transcript abundance.
Observation Kernel DNA content increased linearly up to 30 DPP.
Mechanism Endoreplication accounted for the rise in kernel DNA content up to 30 DPP.
Observation Kernel fill ended when moisture content fell below 36%.
Observation Transcript abundance declined when kernel fill ended.
Observation Enzyme activities decreased when kernel fill ended.

“kernel development”

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