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“stem bending”

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Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stem bending varied with cultivar.

Taxon: tulipt0
Material: cultivare0
Outcome: stem bendinge0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“stem bending varies with cultivar”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 310–343

t0
“tulip”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 49–54

Title

LANTHANUM EFFECTS ON GRAVITROPIC RESPONSE OF CUT TULIP FLOWERS

H.-J. Kim; E.J. Holcomb; K.M. Brown Acta Horticulturae 2005. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2005.669.55

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Stem bending was positively correlated with postharvest stem elongation rate.
Intervention effect LaCl3 prevented stem bending.
Intervention effect LaCl3 reduced stem elongation.
Observation LaCl3-treated stems failed to remain straight when placed vertically.
Association Gravitropic response varied among cultivars with growing conditions.
Intervention effect LaCl3 did not affect bending during simulated dry transport.
Intervention effect Cold-stored flowers bent less than fresh flowers held at room temperature.
Intervention effect LaCl3 reduced flower longevity by 20 to 40% with or without simulated transport.
Recommendation The authors conclude LaCl3 is not useful commercially to prevent cut-tulip stem bending.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LaCl3 prevented stem bending.

Taxon: tulipt0
Treatment: LaCl3e0
Outcome: stem bendinge0
Direction: preventede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“LaCl3 prevented stem bending by reducing stem elongation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 412–468

t0
“tulip”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 49–54

Title

LANTHANUM EFFECTS ON GRAVITROPIC RESPONSE OF CUT TULIP FLOWERS

H.-J. Kim; E.J. Holcomb; K.M. Brown Acta Horticulturae 2005. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2005.669.55

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Stem bending varied with cultivar.
Association Stem bending was positively correlated with postharvest stem elongation rate.
Intervention effect LaCl3 reduced stem elongation.
Observation LaCl3-treated stems failed to remain straight when placed vertically.
Association Gravitropic response varied among cultivars with growing conditions.
Intervention effect LaCl3 did not affect bending during simulated dry transport.
Intervention effect Cold-stored flowers bent less than fresh flowers held at room temperature.
Intervention effect LaCl3 reduced flower longevity by 20 to 40% with or without simulated transport.
Recommendation The authors conclude LaCl3 is not useful commercially to prevent cut-tulip stem bending.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sclerenchyma may resist stem bending.

Taxon: vinese0
Organ / stage: steme0
Outcome: resistance to stem bendinge0

Verbatim

e0
“sclerenchyma cells provide significant resistance to stem bending in vines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1535–1609

Title

Anatomical characteristics of vines: Mechanical considerations1

Lance S. Evans The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2024. doi:10.3159/torrey-d-23-00023.1

Other claims from this paper (7)

Association Xylem and sclerenchyma areas increased with stem area.
Observation Furrowed stem samples had 20–30% xylem and 20% sclerenchyma.
Observation Furrowed stems had mean xylem area 1.28 mm2.
Observation Nonfurrowed stems had mean xylem area 2.11 mm2.
Observation Xylem area did not differ significantly between groups.
Observation Furrowed species had a peripheral sclerenchyma ring.
Observation Nonfurrowed vines had no sclerenchyma.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stem bending caused a gradual electrical potential in poplar.

Taxon: poplar treesPopuluse1
Treatment: Stem bendinge0
Outcome: electrical responsee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Stem bending was found to cause an electrical response that we called "gradual" potential”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 490–579

e1
“poplar trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 376–388

Title

Stem bending generates electrical response in poplar

Erwan Tinturier; Éric Badel; Nathalie Leblanc‐Fournier; et al. Physiologia Plantarum 2021. doi:10.1111/ppl.13494

Other claims from this paper (2)

Observation The gradual potential propagated up to 20 cm along the poplar stem.
Observation The gradual potential showed strong damping of velocity and amplitude.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Formulas for calculating wheat stem bending toughness were derived.

Outcome: bending toughness of stemse0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“Formulas were derived for the calculation of the bending toughness of stems.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–288

t0
“cereal stem”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–36

Title

Mechanical properties of cereal stem

J. Dunca Research in Agricultural Engineering 2008. doi:10.17221/5/2008-rae

Other claims from this paper (1)

Recommendation The results can be used to evaluate wheat lodging resistance.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ABA may regulate stem bending.

Taxon: Gerbera hybridaGerbera hybrid cultivart0
Compound: ABAe0
Outcome: stem bendinge0

Verbatim

e0
“stem bending may be an ethylene-independent process, but regulated by ABA.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1788–1862

t0
“Gerbera hybrida”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–42

Title

Transcriptome profiling of Gerbera hybrida reveals that stem bending is caused by water stress and regulation of abscisic acid

Yafei Ge; Qixian Lai; Ping Luo; et al. BMC Genomics 2019. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5961-1

Other claims from this paper (9)

Method / resource Sequencing assembled more than 300 million reads into 96,492 unigenes.
Method / resource Similarity searches annotated 34,166 unigenes.
Observation Transcriptome mapping identified 9,406 differentially expressed genes across bending stages.
Observation KEGG analysis identified phenylpropanoid, phenylalanine, starch/sucrose and hormone-signaling pathways during bending.
Observation A total of 211 transcription factors were regulated during stem bending.
Observation Osmotic- and oxidative-stress response genes varied in expression during bending.
Mechanism Stem bending may be ethylene independent.
Mechanism Water stress may cause postharvest stem bending.
Method / resource The transcriptome resource offers genes for future ornamental breeding study.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tomato yield declined as stem-base bending increased.

Taxon: tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
Organ / stage: stem basee0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: reducede0
Qualifier: increase of the stem base bending degreee0

Verbatim

e0
“The yield of tomatoes was reduced with the increase of the stem base bending degree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 806–889

Title

Bending of the tomato stem base and its relation with fruit yield.

Anderson Fernando Wamser; S. Mueller LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) 2010

Other claims from this paper (1)

Intervention effect Bamboo staking reduced stem-base bending relative to polypropylene cord staking.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stem bending incidence varied strongly among gerbera cultivars.

Taxon: gerberaGerberae0
Material: cultivarse1
Organ / stage: steme0
Outcome: stem bending incidencee1
Qualifier: strong variatione1

Verbatim

e0
“The main postharvest disorder of cut gerbera flowers is the stem bending and break.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–83

e1
“Results showed a strong variation of stem bending incidence among cultivars.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1006–1082

Title

EFFECT OF PROMOTER AND INHIBITORS OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE ENZYME ON STEM BENDING OF CUT GERBERA FLOWERS

A. Ferrante; A. Alberici; S. Antonacci; et al. Acta Horticulturae 2007. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2007.755.64

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect The PAL inhibitor AOA strongly increased stem bending in cut gerbera flowers, even after 1-2 days after treatment.
Intervention effect The PAL inhibitor AOPP strongly increased stem bending in cut gerbera flowers, even after 1-2 days after treatment.
Intervention effect Ethylene reduced stem bending incidence in cut gerbera flowers.
Intervention effect Ethylene increased PAL activity in cut gerbera flowers.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors infer ethylene negatively regulates stem bending.

Taxon: snapdragon cultivarsAntirrhinum majuse0
Compound: ethylenee0
Outcome: stem-bending mechanisme0

Verbatim

e0
“ethylene acts as a negative regulator of the stem-bending mechanism of snapdragon cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1018–1109

Title

Ethylene Acts as a Negative Regulator of the Stem-Bending Mechanism of Different Cut Snapdragon Cultivars

Aung Htay Naing; May Thu Soe; Jeong Hyun Yeum; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.745038

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Ethephon completely prevented bending in all three cultivars.
Intervention effect STS increased bending rate relative to water control.
Association Bending rate was associated with curvature, shoot elongation, ethylene production and lignin content.
Mechanism Expression analysis supported involvement of ethylene and lignin pathways in bending.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stem bending was faster in Alliance and Rosalin than Bintang.

Material: Alliance and Rosaline0
Outcome: stem bendinge0
Direction: fastere0
Comparator: Bintange0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“stem bending in Alliance and Rosalin was faster than in Bintang”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–811

Title

Involvement of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) in the Mechanism That Delays Stem Bending of Different Gerbera Cultivars

Aung H. Naing; Kyoungsun Lee; Kyoung-Ook Kim; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02045

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect SNP delayed stem bending in all three gerbera cultivars versus controls.
Intervention effect The best SNP dose to delay bending in Alliance was 20 mg L-1.
Intervention effect The best SNP dose for Rosalin was 10 mg L-1.
Intervention effect The best SNP dose for Bintang was 5 mg L-1.
Intervention effect SNP inhibited bacterial growth and xylem blockage.
Intervention effect SNP enhanced expression of a lignin biosynthesis gene.
Intervention effect SNP maintained antioxidant activities.

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“stem bending”

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