Intervention effectmodel-written summary

Foliar glycine betaine at 200 mM with 3% urea gave the highest number of grains per pod.

A claim from Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province · 2021

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar glycine betaine at 200 mM with 3% urea gave the highest number of grains per pod.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
foliar application of plants by glycine betaine with concentration of 200 mM + 3% ureae1
Outcome
number of grains per pode0
Direction
higheste1

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 123–152
e0

“The effect of foliar application of plants by glycine betaine and urea on number of grains per pod and grain protein percentage was significant.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 925–1069
e1

“The highest values of these traits belonged to foliar application of plants by glycine betaine with concentration of 200 mM + 3% urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1070–1204

Title

Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province

Rasoul Babaeipour; Khosro Azizi; Hamid Reza Eisvand; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2021. doi:10.30495/jcep.2021.683380

Other claims from this paper (9)

Record rev-8587cf0fbb87f6afd47dfc8f5fcba9c16222472bf6791fe5af1a63a72727071b · schema claims-v0.9 · position 5 in the model’s answer

glycine betaine · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this claim

  1. positive
    600 mM glycine betaine increased Hashem seed yield 17.6%.

    Effects of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of two Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions · 2020

    Same direction

  2. positive
    Boron and Glycine Betaine increased grain yield, biological yield.

    Efficacy of glycine betaine (G.B.), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rainfed chickpea · 2024

    Same direction

  3. positive
    Glycine betaine significantly increased reported growth, physiological and yield parameters over control.

    Effect of Moisture Stress and Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2012 · compared with control

    Same direction

  4. positive
    Glycine betaine applied at the bud stage improved pollen germination, pollen viability and pollen tube growth in chickpea.

    Glycine betaine mitigates cold stress damage in Chickpea · 2005

    Same direction

See all 5 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

102 papers: 93 positive, 9 negative or no effect

92 papers in the same direction as this claim · 9 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
    Chickpea grain yield was unaffected by fertilizer nitrogen supply and ranged from 2.0–2.4 t/ha.

    Nitrogen fixation and soil nitrate interactions in field-grown chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) and fababean ( Vicia faba ) · 2002

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Above 80–120 kg ha −1 N, chickpea production decreased.

    NITROGEN FIXATION OF GRAIN LEGUMES DIFFERS IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILISATION · 2016

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Additional nitrogen had no significant effect on chickpea seed yield.

    Response of Chickpea to Nitrogen, and a Comparison of the Factors Affecting Chickpea Seed Yield with those Affecting Wheat Grain Yield · 1995

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Different nitrogen levels did not influence NBeG47 seed yield, yield attributes or plant biometrics.

    Suitability of chickpea ‘NBeG47’ for mechanical harvesting under rainfed condition · 2015

    Opposite direction

  5. no effect
    Nitrogen fertilizer did not increase seed yield in either legume.

    Effect of irrigation on growth and yield of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). · 2008

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    Nitrogen did not increase chickpea seed yield.

    Effect of sowing date, nitrogen and rhizobium inoculation on flowering and development of yield in chickpeas · 1993

    Opposite direction

  7. negative
    Lower nitrogen reduced crop yields.

    Growth Performance of Mustard and Chickpea under Different Intercropping Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in North-Western India · 2025

    Opposite direction

  8. no effect
    Nitrogen doses of 0 to 120 kg ha(-1) had no significant effect on chickpea yield and yield components.

    The effect of bacterial inoculation and different nitrogen doses on yield and yield components of some chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2009

    Opposite direction

93 papers more in this group

See all 102 papers →

application · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

177 papers: 173 positive, 4 negative or no effect

172 papers in the same direction as this claim · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
    Foliar iron application decreased mean shoot dry matter yield.

    Iron‐Manganese Interaction in Chickpea as Affected by Foliar and Soil Application of Iron in a Calcareous Soil · 2005

    Opposite direction

  2. no effect
    Ultra low volume spraying did not influence chickpea grain yield.

    Performance of different sprayers against gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea · 2007

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Combined irrigation and foliar spray did not significantly affect yield and related traits.

    Effect of Foliar Application of Organic and Inorganic Substances on the Yield of Chick Pea under Limited Water Supply · 2019

    Opposite direction

  4. negative
    Beauveria bassiana produced the lowest treatment yield, 11.67 q/ha.

    Studies the Effect of Some Bio-rational Insecticides on Chickpea Crop against Gram Pod Borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) · 2025

    Opposite direction

  5. positive
    Foliar ZnSO4 partially reversed the adverse effect of zinc deficiency on chickpea pollen-stigma morphology and pollen fertility.

    Improving reproductive efficiency of chickpea by foliar application of zinc · 2012 · compared with zinc deficient plants

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Foliar ZFN at pre-flowering showed the highest potential to increase grain yield, Zn content and Fe content compared with mineral and chelated forms.

    Comparative Efficiency of Mineral, Chelated and Nano Forms of Zinc and Iron for Improvement of Zinc and Iron in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through Biofortification · 2021 · compared with mineral (0.5% Zn and Fe), chelated (0.3% Zn and Fe)

    Same direction

  7. positive
    Foliar proline increased yield characteristics of cadmium-stressed chickpea.

    Proline enhances antioxidative enzyme activity, photosynthesis and yield of Cicer arietinum L. exposed to cadmium stress · 2013

    Same direction

  8. positive
    Three foliar Zn-EDTA sprays produced the greatest grain and straw yields.

    Effects of Source and Method of Zinc Application on Yield, Zinc Biofortification of Grain, and Zn Uptake and Use Efficiency in Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) · 2015

    Same direction

168 papers more in this group

See all 177 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.