Intervention effectmodel-written summary

Foliar zinc fertilisation increased grain zinc concentration in wheat by 18.0 mg/kg.

A claim from Agronomic Biofortification Strategies to Increase Grain Zinc Concentrations of Wheat, Rice and Maize: A Systematic Review and Network-Meta-Analysis. · 2026

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar zinc fertilisation increased grain zinc concentration in wheat by 18.0 mg/kg.

Treatment
Foliar Zn fertilisatione3
Outcome
Zn concentratione3
Direction
increasese3
Value
18.0 mg/kge3
Qualifier
95%-CI: 14.26 to 21.79e3

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSetting

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Foliar Zn fertilisation also increases Zn concentration, reaching up to 18.0 mg/kg [95%-CI: 14.26 to 21.79] in wheat, 6.7 mg/kg [95%-CI: 3.25 to 10.04] in rice, and 7.6 mg/kg [95%-CI: 6.51 to 8.75] in maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2686–2892

Title

Agronomic Biofortification Strategies to Increase Grain Zinc Concentrations of Wheat, Rice and Maize: A Systematic Review and Network-Meta-Analysis.

Israel F N Domingos; Marcin Baranski; Zed Rengel; et al. PubMed 2026. doi:10.1177/18911803261435900

Other claims from this paper (12)

Record rev-b35181ada9da2ccc6b01d49954e4e3bedc24f747b8d5d89766119a35cb35af5a · schema claims-v0.9 · position 4 in the model’s answer

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

380 papers: 347 positive, 33 negative or no effect

346 papers in the same direction as this claim · 33 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
    Exudates from zinc-deficient grasses greatly increased zinc and iron mobilization.

    Release of zinc mobilizing root exudates in different plant species as affected by zinc nutritional status · 1991

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

  2. negative
    Deficient zinc pretreatment increased net zinc uptake in both genotypes.

    Uptake of zinc from chelate-buffered nutrient solutions by wheat genotypes differing in zinc efficiency · 1996

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

  3. no effect
    Zinc fertilization did not influence mean shoot boron concentration.

    EFFECTS OF ZINC FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND SHOOT CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC, BORON, AND PHOSPHORUS OF 25 WHEAT CULTIVARS GROWN ON A ZINC-DEFICIENT AND BORON-TOXIC SOIL · 2001

    Opposite direction

  4. negative
    Zinc treatment increased copper concentrations in roots, shoots and grains.

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal strategy for zinc mycoremediation and diminished translocation to shoots and grains in wheat · 2017

    Opposite direction

  5. no effect
    Zinc presence did not influence histidine uptake.

    Availability of Zinc and the Ligands Citrate and Histidine to Wheat: Does Uptake of Entire Complexes Play a Role? · 2013

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    Zinc supply had no significant effect on wheat Cu and Mn concentrations.

    Combined effect of iron and zinc on micronutrient levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). · 2011

    Opposite direction

  7. no effect
    Soil amendments plus Zn fertilizer did not significantly decrease wheat Cd concentration.

    Evaluation of different amendments and foliar fertilizer for immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils · 2017

    Opposite direction

  8. negative
    Zn deficiency increased Imax in Excalibur.

    Kinetic parameters of Zn uptake by wheat are affected by the herbicide chlorsulfuron · 1997

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

371 papers more in this group

See all 380 papers →

application · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

275 papers: 257 positive, 18 negative or no effect

256 papers in the same direction as this claim · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    Foliar application led to less than 1% of fertilizer nitrogen absorbed into wheat grain.

    EFFECTS OF FOLIAR- AND SOIL-APPLIED NITROGEN AND SOIL NITRATE-NITROGEN LEVEL ON THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF NEEPAWA WHEAT · 1972

    Opposite direction

  2. no effect
    Foliar P addition did not downregulate root P uptake in wheat (isotopic dilution test of the substitution hypothesis)

    Assessment of foliar-applied phosphorus fertiliser formulations to enhance phosphorus nutrition and grain production in wheat · 2020

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Zn concentration in wheat was not changed when plants were sprayed at early stem elongation.

    Effects of foliar application of zinc sulfate at different phenological stages on yield formation and grain zinc content of bread wheat (cv. Kohdasht) · 2014

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Foliar N had no adverse effect on grain nitrogen/sulphur ratio in cv. Avalon.

    Recovery of 15N‐labelled urea applied to the foliage of winter wheat · 1987

    Opposite direction

  5. no effect
    Foliar P had limited effect on phytate and grain iron content.

    Response of canola, wheat, and pea to foliar phosphorus fertilization at a phosphorus-deficient site in eastern Saskatchewan · 2020

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    Increasing foliar potassium rate did not improve grain nutrient content.

    EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ON YIELD AND MINERAL CONTENT OF WHEAT GRAINS GROWN IN SANDY SOILS · 1999

    Opposite direction

  7. no effect
    Mendok sprays did not cause male or female gamete sterility in wheat.

    Increase in Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. variety ‘N.P. 718’) · 1969

    Opposite direction

  8. negative
    T1 increased Pb concentration in wheat leaves relative to CK.

    Stomata as the Main Pathway for the Penetration of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pb into Wheat Leaves · 2025 · compared with control group (CK)

    Opposite direction

266 papers more in this group

See all 275 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

959 papers: 854 positive, 105 negative or no effect

853 papers in the same direction as this claim · 95 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    Nitrogen fertilization increased exchangeable Al and Al saturation.

    Soil Acidification from Long-Term Use of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Winter Wheat · 2011

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Chemical fertilizer alone led to lower soil organic matter, water content and total N content.

    Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter, bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat–maize rotation system in Eastern China · 2015

    Opposite direction

  3. negative
    P fertilizer decreased wheat grain zinc concentration by 33–39%.

    Zinc bioavailability in wheat grain in relation to phosphorus fertiliser, crop sequence and mycorrhizal fungi · 2008

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Nitrogen fertilizer before anthesis did not prevent decline in leaf and stem nitrogen concentration.

    Dry‐matter production, mineral nutrient concentrations, and nutrient distribution and redistribution in irrigated spring wheat · 1994

    Opposite direction

  5. no effect
    Zinc fertilization did not influence mean shoot boron concentration.

    EFFECTS OF ZINC FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND SHOOT CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC, BORON, AND PHOSPHORUS OF 25 WHEAT CULTIVARS GROWN ON A ZINC-DEFICIENT AND BORON-TOXIC SOIL · 2001

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    Five ammonium-N rates caused no significant changes in cation exchange capacity or total P.

    SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AFTER NINE YEARS OF DIFFERENTIAL N FERTILIZATION IN A NO-TILL DRYLAND WHEAT-CORN-FALLOW ROTATION · 1998

    Opposite direction

  7. negative
    Added fertilizer N increased residual nitrate under the higher residual nitrate condition.

    On‐Farm Evaluation of Winter Wheat Yield Response to Residual Soil Nitrate‐N in North China Plain · 2008

    Opposite direction

  8. negative
    Imbalanced fertilizer produced less nutrient uptake than balanced fertilizer with FYM.

    Effects of Continuous Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Manure on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Maize–Wheat under Rainfed Conditions of the Western Himalayas · 2014 · compared with balanced dose of inorganic fertilizers with FYM

    Opposite direction

950 papers more in this group

See all 959 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.