Abstract
Abstract The effects of mixing lime and large quantities of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with the subsoil were studied on 16 Maryland subsoils. These subsoils were covered with 10. cm of a fertile surface soil so the subsoils’ effect would be the major variable. Soybeans were grown on these soils in the greenhouse. These subsoils received 65.2 and 83.0 ug/g of phosphorus and potassium respectively. Two treated subsoils were also studied in the field. Simulated subsoiling in the field was accomplished by digging to a depth of 50.8 cm. Lime, 148 or 440 Kg P/ha, and 186 or 558 Kg K/ha were mixed with each 15 cm depth of subsoil. Soybeans and/or barley were planted on the field plots. In general, the subsoils studied in the greenhouse indicated that the combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassium to the subsoils increased root production in the subsoil, nitrogen content in the soybean shoots, and yield. First year field results on the Othello (Typic Ochraquult) soil indicated that soybean yields on treated subsoil plots were not significantly different from soil receiving the same surface applications of fertilizer. However the second year after treatment, the yields of double cropped soybeans and barley were increased by 706 Kg/ha (10.5 bu/acre) and 710 Kg/ha (14.4 bu/acre) respectively when compared to similar quantities of phosphorus and potassium applied to the surface soil of nonsubsoiled plots. On the Monaouth (Typic Hapludult) soil, the first year yields of subsoil plots treated with lime, phosphorus, and potassium also failed to improve yields compared to surface application of the fertilizer. Lime, 440 Kg P/ha, and 558 Kg K/ha applied to the subsoil did significantly improve yields of full season soybeans over the untreated soil by 720 Kg/ha (10.7 bu/acre).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Combined subsoil amendments increased soybean root production in the subsoil.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassiume0
- Outcome
- root production in the subsoile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassium to the subsoils increased root production in the subsoil, nitrogen content in the soybean shoots, and yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined subsoil amendments increased nitrogen content in soybean shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassiume0
- Outcome
- nitrogen content in the soybean shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassium to the subsoils increased root production in the subsoil, nitrogen content in the soybean shoots, and yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined subsoil amendments increased yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassiume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined amendments of lime, phosphorus and potassium to the subsoils increased root production in the subsoil, nitrogen content in the soybean shoots, and yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year soybean yields on treated Othello subsoil did not differ significantly from equal surface fertilizer applications.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated subsoil plotse0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- soil receiving the same surface applications of fertilizere0
- Setting
- Othello (Typic Ochraquult)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“First year field results on the Othello (Typic Ochraquult) soil indicated that soybean yields on treated subsoil plots were not significantly different from soil receiving the same surface applications of fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year double cropped soybean yield increased by 706 Kg/ha against surface applications.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- subsoilt0
- Outcome
- yields of double cropped soybeanse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 706 Kg/hae0
- Comparator
- similar quantities of phosphorus and potassium applied to the surface soil of nonsubsoiled plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yields of double cropped soybeans and barley were increased by 706 Kg/ha (10.5 bu/acre) and 710 Kg/ha (14.4 bu/acre) respectively when compared to similar quantities of phosphorus and potassium applied to the surface soil of nonsubsoiled plots.”
t0“subsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year barley yield increased by 710 Kg/ha against surface applications.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- subsoilt0
- Outcome
- yields of double cropped soybeans and barleye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 710 Kg/hae0
- Comparator
- similar quantities of phosphorus and potassium applied to the surface soil of nonsubsoiled plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the yields of double cropped soybeans and barley were increased by 706 Kg/ha (10.5 bu/acre) and 710 Kg/ha (14.4 bu/acre) respectively when compared to similar quantities of phosphorus and potassium applied to the surface soil of nonsubsoiled plots.”
t0“subsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year yield on amended Monaouth subsoil did not improve versus surface fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- subsoil plots treated with lime, phosphorus, and potassiume0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- failed to improvee0
- Comparator
- surface application of the fertilizere0
- Setting
- Monaouth (Typic Hapludult)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the Monaouth (Typic Hapludult) soil, the first year yields of subsoil plots treated with lime, phosphorus, and potassium also failed to improve yields compared to surface application of the fertilizer.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime and subsoil P and K significantly improved full-season soybean yield by 720 Kg/ha over untreated soil.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Lime, 440 Kg P/ha, and 558 Kg K/ha applied to the subsoile0
- Outcome
- yields of full season soybeanse0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 720 Kg/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime, 440 Kg P/ha, and 558 Kg K/ha applied to the subsoil did significantly improve yields of full season soybeans over the untreated soil by 720 Kg/ha (10.7 bu/acre).”
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See all 161 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.