Abstract
Available Cu concentrations in prairie soils (DTPA-extractable Cu) are extremely variable, thus resulting in areas within fields that are Cu deficient. These areas are difficult to characterize by a soil test based on a composite field sample; thus, when they are identified in the growing season, foliar Cu application possibly represents the only method of correcting them. A project, carried out over a period of 8 yr that consisted of four experiments and a total of 22 trials, was designed to ascertain whether foliar Cu applications indeed provide a satisfactory means of correcting Cu deficiency. Experiments included comparison of foliar applications at Feekes growth stages 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot) and 6 plus 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown out) to soil broadcast and incorporation of 4 to 5.5 kg Cu ha -1 as copper sulphate (CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O) or seed placement of 2 kg Cu ha -1 in three forms (two oxysulphates and one sulphate); foliar application of a variety of products representing different chemistries (chelate, lignin sulphonate, humic acid, oxychloride and citric acid) on a number of wheat cultivars at Feekes growth stage 10 or one cultivar at Feekes growth stages 2 (beginning of tillering), 6, 10 and 2 plus 10. Foliar applications appear to provide a solution to Cu deficiency that is identified during the growing season. However, foliar applications were not always as effective as broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha -1 in the form of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, which still remains the preferred method to correct a Cu deficiency. Foliar application at Feekes growth stage 2 was ineffective, whereas a single foliar application at Feekes growth stage 10 was not as satisfactory as a single one at Feekes growth stage 6. Thus, the latter stage appears to be preferable; however, maximum grain yield in some cases was obtained by the combination of two foliar Cu applications, one each at Feekes growth stages 6 and 10. Responses of wheat to foliar Cu application were obtained on soils that contained DTPA-extractable Cu concentration of less than 0.4 mg kg -1 . Foliar Cu applications did not have an appreciable effect on grain quality parameters, such as hectolitre weight, moisture or protein content. Key words: DTPA-extractable, Feekes growth stage, deficient, marginal, plant tissue
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Cu applications appear to provide a solution to Cu deficiency identified during the growing season.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar applicationse1
- Outcome
- Cu deficiencye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Foliar applications appear to provide a solution to Cu deficiency that is identified during the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application at Feekes growth stage 2 was ineffective.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application at Feekes growth stage 2e3
- Outcome
- effectivee3
- Direction
- ineffectivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e3“Foliar application at Feekes growth stage 2 was ineffective”
Claim · model-written summary
A single foliar application at Feekes growth stage 10 was less satisfactory than a single one at Feekes growth stage 6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a single foliar application at Feekes growth stage 10e3
- Outcome
- satisfactorye3
- Direction
- not as satisfactorye3
- Comparator
- a single one at Feekes growth stage 6e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e3“a single foliar application at Feekes growth stage 10 was not as satisfactory as a single one at Feekes growth stage 6”
Claim · model-written summary
Feekes growth stage 6 appears preferable to growth stage 10 for a single foliar Cu application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- preferablee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e4“Thus, the latter stage appears to be preferable”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain yield in some cases was obtained with the combination of two foliar Cu applications, at Feekes growth stages 6 and 10.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- the combination of two foliar Cu applicationse5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Qualifier
- in some casese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e5“maximum grain yield in some cases was obtained by the combination of two foliar Cu applications, one each at Feekes growth stages 6 and 10”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of wheat to foliar Cu application were obtained on soils with DTPA-extractable Cu concentration below 0.4 mg kg -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Responses of wheat to foliar Cu applicatione6
- Qualifier
- DTPA-extractable Cu concentration of less than 0.4 mg kg -1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e6“Responses of wheat to foliar Cu application were obtained on soils that contained DTPA-extractable Cu concentration of less than 0.4 mg kg -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Cu applications had no appreciable effect on grain quality parameters (hectolitre weight, moisture or protein content).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar Cu applicationse7
- Outcome
- grain quality parameterse7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Qualifier
- hectolitre weight, moisture or protein contente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e7“Foliar Cu applications did not have an appreciable effect on grain quality parameters, such as hectolitre weight, moisture or protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha -1 as CuSO4 with 5H2O remains the preferred method to correct Cu deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha -1 in the form of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 Oe2
- Outcome
- preferred method to correct a Cu deficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e2“broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha -1 in the form of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, which still remains the preferred method to correct a Cu deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar applications were not always as effective as broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha-1 as CuSO4 with 5H2O.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar applicationse1
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Direction
- not always as effectivee1
- Comparator
- broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha -1 in the form of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 Oe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“foliar applications were not always as effective as broadcast and incorporation of at least 4 kg Cu ha -1 in the form of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →copper atom · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
application · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
794 papers in the same direction as this paper · 75 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- positive
873 papers more in this group
See all 877 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.