Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at Sakha Agric. Exp. Res. Sta., Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Egypt (31o05' N latitude and 30o56' E longitude), in successive winter seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Sakha 93 variety). Effects of foliar spraying of organic substances and micronutrients on wheat productivity, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), protein contents and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were studied. Split plot design was used with four replicates; the main plots were assigned for three organic substances solutions (OS) treatments spraying:-: 1- without OS spraying (control). 2- humic acids spraying (HAs). 3- compost tea (CT) spraying. And the sub plots were assigned for five treatments of micronutrients spraying :-1- without micronutrients spraying (C) 2- copper (Cu) foliar spraying 3- zinc (Zn) foliar spraying 4- iron (Fe) foliar spraying and 5- micronutrients, Cu +Zn +Fe (M) foliar spraying. The obtained results showed that: Humic acids (HAs) treatment had the highest mean values (5.61 and 5.88 Mg ha-1) of wheat grain in the first and second seasons, respectively. Treatment in the main plots affected wheat grain yield in the order: HA ≥ CT> control. Nevertheless, the interaction between micronutrients foliar spraying with HA had the order: HAs + M ≥ HAs + Cu ≥ HAs + Zn > HAs. Spraying of HA, Zn and Fe led to elevate N % and P % in grain yield. Also, Cu treatment without or with (OS) led to increase their content in straw yield. Organic substances spraying insignificantly affected wheat straw yield. However, the higher value was obtained with HAs. HA Foliar spraying with Cu treatment had the highest mean value (9.73 Mg ha-1), in the first season. While the highest mean value (9.12 Mg ha-1) was recorded for HAs and C spraying in the second season. The higher mean values of N and protein content in grain yield were observed with application HAs. Nonetheless, HAs +Zn treatment in the first season and HAs +M treatment in the second season exhibited the higher value. Spraying of HA treatment led to increase P content in grain yield. Spraying (OS) affected N, P and protein contents of straw in the order: HAs > Control > CT, in both seasons. Copper spraying with or without HA led to increase N, P and protein content in straw yield in the both seasons.The lower mean values for N and protein contents were recorded for TC an /or TC+M. The higher mean values of NUE were obtained with HA spraying treatment and the interaction between HAs + M in both seasons.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid gave the highest wheat grain yield in the first season.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Humic acids (HAs) treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.61e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Humic acids (HAs) treatment had the highest mean values (5.61 and 5.88 Mg ha-1) of wheat grain in the first and second seasons, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid gave the highest wheat grain yield in the second season.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Humic acids (HAs) treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.88 Mg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- second seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Humic acids (HAs) treatment had the highest mean values (5.61 and 5.88 Mg ha-1) of wheat grain in the first and second seasons, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield ranked humic acid at least as high as compost tea, both above control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HAe0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- HA ≥ CT> controle0
- Comparator
- CT> controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment in the main plots affected wheat grain yield in the order: HA ≥ CT> control.”
Claim · model-written summary
For grain yield, micronutrient combinations with humic acid ranked M at least Cu at least Zn, all above HA alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HAs + Me0
- Outcome
- order: HAs + M ≥ HAs + Cu ≥ HAs + Zn > HAse0
- Direction
- HAs + M ≥ HAs + Cu ≥ HAs + Zn > HAse0
- Comparator
- HAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction between micronutrients foliar spraying with HA had the order: HAs + M ≥ HAs + Cu ≥ HAs + Zn > HAs.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid, zinc, and iron spraying raised grain nitrogen and phosphorus percentages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA, Zn and Fee0
- Outcome
- N % and P % in grain yielde0
- Direction
- elevatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying of HA, Zn and Fe led to elevate N % and P % in grain yield.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper spraying with or without organic substances increased straw nitrogen and phosphorus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu treatment without or with (OS)e0
- Outcome
- their content in straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu treatment without or with (OS) led to increase their content in straw yield.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic-substance spraying had no statistically significant effect on straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Organic substances sprayinge0
- Outcome
- wheat straw yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic substances spraying insignificantly affected wheat straw yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid with copper gave the highest first-season straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA Foliar spraying with Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- highest mean valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.73 Mg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HA Foliar spraying with Cu treatment had the highest mean value (9.73 Mg ha-1), in the first season.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid without micronutrient spray gave the highest second-season straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HAs and C sprayinge0
- Outcome
- highest mean valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.12 Mg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest mean value (9.12 Mg ha-1) was recorded for HAs and C spraying in the second season.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid increased grain nitrogen and protein content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application HAse0
- Outcome
- N and protein content in grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher mean values of N and protein content in grain yield were observed with application HAs.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid with zinc gave higher grain nitrogen and protein in the first season.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HAs +Zn treatmente0
- Outcome
- higher valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HAs +Zn treatment in the first season and HAs +M treatment in the second season exhibited the higher value.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid with combined micronutrients gave higher grain nitrogen and protein in the second season.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HAs +M treatmente0
- Outcome
- higher valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HAs +Zn treatment in the first season and HAs +M treatment in the second season exhibited the higher value.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid spraying increased phosphorus content in grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA treatmente0
- Outcome
- P content in grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying of HA treatment led to increase P content in grain yield.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
For straw nitrogen, phosphorus, and protein, humic acid ranked above control and compost tea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HAse0
- Outcome
- N, P and protein contents of strawe0
- Direction
- HAs > Control > CTe0
- Comparator
- Control > CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying (OS) affected N, P and protein contents of straw in the order: HAs > Control > CT, in both seasons.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper spraying with or without humic acid increased straw nitrogen, phosphorus, and protein in both seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Copper spraying with or without HAe0
- Outcome
- N, P and protein content in straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper spraying with or without HA led to increase N, P and protein content in straw yield in the both seasons.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
TC alone or with M gave lower straw nitrogen and protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TC an /or TC+Me0
- Outcome
- N and protein contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower mean values for N and protein contents were recorded for TC an /or TC+M.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid spraying gave higher nitrogen-use efficiency in both seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA spraying treatmente0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher mean values of NUE were obtained with HA spraying treatment and the interaction between HAs + M in both seasons.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid plus combined micronutrients gave higher nitrogen-use efficiency in both seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HAs + Me0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher mean values of NUE were obtained with HA spraying treatment and the interaction between HAs + M in both seasons.”
t0“WHEAT”
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