Abstract
Abstract Calcium nitrate sprays were applied to ‘Cox's Orange’ apples over four different periods between fruit set and harvest. Four sprays applied early, from 8 October to 2 December, gave no control of bitter pit. With the other three periods (II days, 27 days, and 64 days pre‐harvest) there was good control of pit. The relative values of these three later spraying periods for pit control were difficult to assess, but the 64‐day period gave slightly less pit in one season. The highest levels of fruit calcium were with the 27‐day pre‐harvest period. Over 64 days pre‐harvest, 6 sprays of 0.6% calcium nitrate doubled the total calcium in apples, whereas in unsprayed apples total calcium remained practically constant. Over this period the apples gained in weight fourfold, thereby reducing the percentage of calcium in sprayed apples to one‐half, and in unsprayed apples to near one‐quarter. Calcium sprays reduced internal breakdown in ‘Cox's Orange’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples. Colour development on ‘Red Delicious’ apples was retarded by calcium nitrate, but not by calcium chloride sprays. Apples which were protected from spray gained no benefit from four calcium nitrate sprays applied to the rest of the tree.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Four early calcium nitrate sprays gave no bitter pit control.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Four sprays applied earlye0
- Outcome
- bitter pite0
- Direction
- no controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four sprays applied early, from 8 October to 2 December, gave no control of bitter pit.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate sprays at 11, 27 and 64 days before harvest controlled bitter pit.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- three periods (II days, 27 days, and 64 days pre‐harvest)e0
- Outcome
- pite0
- Direction
- good controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the other three periods (II days, 27 days, and 64 days pre‐harvest) there was good control of pit.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The 64-day preharvest period gave slightly less bitter pit in one season.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 64‐day periode0
- Outcome
- pite0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 64‐day period gave slightly less pit in one season”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit calcium was highest with the 27-day preharvest spray period.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 27‐day pre‐harvest periode0
- Outcome
- levels of fruit calciume0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest levels of fruit calcium were with the 27‐day pre‐harvest period.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Six 0.6% calcium nitrate sprays doubled total apple calcium over 64 days before harvest.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 6 sprays of 0.6% calcium nitratee0
- Outcome
- total calciume0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Comparator
- unsprayed applese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 64 days pre‐harvest, 6 sprays of 0.6% calcium nitrate doubled the total calcium in apples, whereas in unsprayed apples total calcium remained practically constant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed apple total calcium remained practically constant.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- total calciume0
- Direction
- remained practically constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in unsprayed apples total calcium remained practically constant”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple weight increased fourfold during the 64-day period.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- gainede0
- Value
- fourfolde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over this period the apples gained in weight fourfold”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium percentage in sprayed apples fell to one-half.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- percentage of calciume0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- one‐halfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the percentage of calcium in sprayed apples to one‐half”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium percentage in unsprayed apples fell to near one-quarter.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- percentage of calciumt1
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Value
- near one‐quartere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and in unsprayed apples to near one‐quarter”
t0“apples”
t1“percentage of calcium”
e2“reducing”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays reduced internal breakdown in Cox’s Orange apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Cox's Orangee0
- Treatment
- Calcium sprayse0
- Outcome
- internal breakdowne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium sprays reduced internal breakdown in ‘Cox's Orange’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays reduced internal breakdown in Red Delicious apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- Calcium sprayse0
- Outcome
- internal breakdowne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium sprays reduced internal breakdown in ‘Cox's Orange’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate retarded Red Delicious color development.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- calcium nitratee0
- Outcome
- Colour developmente0
- Direction
- retardede0
- Comparator
- calcium chloride sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colour development on ‘Red Delicious’ apples was retarded by calcium nitrate, but not by calcium chloride sprays.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride sprays did not retard Red Delicious color development.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- calcium chloride sprayse0
- Outcome
- Colour developmente0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- calcium nitratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colour development on ‘Red Delicious’ apples was retarded by calcium nitrate, but not by calcium chloride sprays.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray-protected apples gained no benefit from four calcium nitrate sprays applied to the rest of the tree.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- four calcium nitrate sprayse0
- Outcome
- benefite0
- Direction
- no benefite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples which were protected from spray gained no benefit from four calcium nitrate sprays applied to the rest of the tree.”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.