Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of excessive calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) supplement nutrition in spinach Markiza F(1) cv. and sweet corn Zlota Karlowa cv. to alleviate nickel (Ni)-induced phytotoxicity. The following doses of the pollutant Ni were introduced: 0 (control), 40, or 60 mg Ni/kg growth medium. Two levels of calcium (Ca), 270 (basic) and 400 mg/kg (intensive), as well as two levels of iron (Fe), 10 (basic) and 20 mg/kg (intensive), respectively, were used. Intensive nutrition supplementation of Ni-stressed test plants species with Ca or Fe was beneficial as manifested by significantly increased maize shoots and roots biomass, lowered content of Ni in spinach and maize in above-ground parts, and decreased concentration of the pollutant in roots of intensive Ca-supplied maize plants grown in the environment containing 60 mg Ni/kg. Moreover there was significantly elevated Fe content in highly fertilized with iron spinach plants grown in the presence of 60 mg Ni/kg and in shoots of Ni-treated maize plants intensively supplied with Ca or Fe. Generally, high content of Ca or Fe in the growth medium significantly raised the content of free and bound Ca in shoots of Ni-stressed spinach plants. The same phenomenon was found in roots, but only in the presence of 60 mg Ni. Intensive nutrition supplementation of Ni-treated maize plants with Fe or Ca generally did not change the concentration of free Ca in plant organs, but elevated bound Ca levels in roots was observed. Increased bound Ca content was also found in leaves of maize plants intensive supplied with Ca. Thus, intensive Ca or Fe nutrition presents a promising potential for use in the conditions of Ni contamination by increasing plant growth, reducing Ni translocation from roots to shoots and raising the nutritive value of above-ground parts of spinach and maize plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium or iron increased maize shoot biomass under nickel stress.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intensive nutrition supplementation of Ni-stressed test plants species with Ca or Fe was beneficial as manifested by significantly increased maize shoots and roots biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium or iron increased maize root biomass under nickel stress.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased maize shoots and roots biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium or iron lowered nickel content in spinach aboveground parts.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Organ / stage
- above-ground partse0
- Outcome
- content of Nie0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowered content of Ni in spinach and maize in above-ground parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium or iron lowered nickel content in maize aboveground parts.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowered content of Ni in spinach and maize in above-ground parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium decreased root nickel in maize at 60 mg Ni/kg.
- Treatment
- intensive Cae0
- Outcome
- concentration of the pollutant in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 60 mg Ni/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased concentration of the pollutant in roots of intensive Ca-supplied maize plants grown in the environment containing 60 mg Ni/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive iron elevated iron content of spinach under 60 mg Ni/kg.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- highly fertilized with irone0
- Outcome
- Fe contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- 60 mg Ni/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly elevated Fe content in highly fertilized with iron spinach plants grown in the presence of 60 mg Ni/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium or iron elevated iron content of nickel-treated maize shoots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in shoots of Ni-treated maize plants intensively supplied with Ca or Fe”
e1“significantly elevated Fe content”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium or iron raised free and bound calcium in nickel-stressed spinach shoots.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Ca or Fee0
- Outcome
- content of free and bound Cae0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high content of Ca or Fe in the growth medium significantly raised the content of free and bound Ca in shoots of Ni-stressed spinach plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium or iron raised free and bound calcium in spinach roots at 60 mg Ni.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- content of free and bound Cae1
- Direction
- raisede1
- Qualifier
- 60 mg Nie0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same phenomenon was found in roots, but only in the presence of 60 mg Ni”
e1“significantly raised the content of free and bound Ca in shoots of Ni-stressed spinach plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive iron or calcium generally did not change free calcium in nickel-treated maize organs.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intensive nutrition supplementation of Ni-treated maize plants with Fe or Ca generally did not change the concentration of free Ca in plant organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive iron or calcium elevated bound calcium in nickel-treated maize roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated bound Ca levels in roots was observed”
e1“Ni-treated maize plants with Fe or Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive calcium increased bound calcium in maize leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased bound Ca content was also found in leaves of maize plants intensive supplied with Ca”
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See all 54 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.