Abstract
Abstract The productivity of coarse textured soils is generally low due to their poor inherent fertility in particular due to the low water holding capacity and nutrient availability. With the adoption of irrigated upland rice‐wheat cropping system on these soils where water cannot be impounded even after puddling, widespread deficiency of Fe has been reported in rice. Iron deficiency is most severe when the coarse textured soils are brought under rice cultivation for the first time. Iron deficiency in rice grown on such soils results from inherent low Fe content of soils and unfavorable conditions for reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. In field experiments, soil application of even 200 kg FeSO47H2O ha−1 proved inferior compared with 3‐sprays of 1% FeSO47H2O solution for remediation of Fe deficiency in rice. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure before transplanting rice was very effective in ameliorating Fe deficiency and significantly increasing rice yield and DTPA‐extractable Fe in soils. Results of greenhouse experiments demonstrated that incorporation of Sesbania green manure markedly decreased pH and redox potential (Eh) and increased ionic strength, partial pressure of CO2 and Fe concentration in soil solution. Chemical equilibria studies showed that Fe solubility was controlled by Fe(OH)3‐Fe2+ system throughout the periods of submergence and after the peak of Fe2+ in the soil solution Fe3(OH)8‐Fe2+ and Fe(OH)3‐Fe3(OH)s systems were predominant. Under field conditions transformations of a part of Fe from the crystal lattice and/or cristalline oxides of Fe to amorphous oxides and bound by carbonates over the years increased the availability of Fe in the soils.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of 200 kg FeSO4 ha-1 was inferior to three sprays of 1% FeSO4 for remediating rice iron deficiency.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- soil application of even 200 kg FeSO47H2O ha−1e1
- Outcome
- remediation of Fe deficiencye1
- Direction
- inferiore1
- Comparator
- 3‐sprays of 1% FeSO47H2O solutione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soil application of even 200 kg FeSO47H2O ha−1 proved inferior compared with 3‐sprays of 1% FeSO47H2O solution for remediation of Fe deficiency in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure before transplanting was very effective in ameliorating Fe deficiency in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure before transplanting ricee2
- Outcome
- ameliorating Fe deficiencye2
- Direction
- very effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure before transplanting rice was very effective in ameliorating Fe deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania green manure significantly increased rice yield and DTPA-extractable soil Fe.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure before transplanting ricee2
- Outcome
- rice yield and DTPA‐extractable Fe in soilse3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure before transplanting rice was very effective in ameliorating Fe deficiency”
e3“significantly increasing rice yield and DTPA‐extractable Fe in soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania green manure markedly decreased soil pH and redox potential (Eh) in rice soils under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- incorporation of Sesbania green manuree4
- Outcome
- pH and redox potential (Eh)e4
- Direction
- markedly decreasede4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amelioration of iron deficiency in rice”
e4“Results of greenhouse experiments demonstrated that incorporation of Sesbania green manure markedly decreased pH and redox potential (Eh) and increased ionic strength, partial pressure of CO2 and Fe concentration in soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania green manure increased ionic strength, CO2 partial pressure and Fe concentration in soil solution under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- incorporation of Sesbania green manuree4
- Outcome
- ionic strength, partial pressure of CO2 and Fe concentration in soil solutione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amelioration of iron deficiency in rice”
e4“Results of greenhouse experiments demonstrated that incorporation of Sesbania green manure markedly decreased pH and redox potential (Eh) and increased ionic strength, partial pressure of CO2 and Fe concentration in soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical equilibria indicate that Fe solubility in rice soil was controlled by the Fe(OH)3-Fe2+ system during submergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Fe solubilitye5
- Qualifier
- controlled by Fe(OH)3‐Fe2+ system throughout the periods of submergencee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amelioration of iron deficiency in rice”
e5“Chemical equilibria studies showed that Fe solubility was controlled by Fe(OH)3‐Fe2+ system throughout the periods of submergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions, transformation of soil Fe to amorphous oxides and carbonate-bound forms increased Fe availability in the soils over the years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transformations of a part of Fee6
- Outcome
- availability of Fe in the soilse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- Under field conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amelioration of iron deficiency in rice”
e6“Under field conditions transformations of a part of Fe from the crystal lattice and/or cristalline oxides of Fe to amorphous oxides and bound by carbonates over the years increased the availability of Fe in the soils”
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