Abstract
The production of foodgrains are likely to be affected by increasing atmospheric [CO2] levels with subsequent changes in the grains quality. The objective of the present study was to quantify the interactive effects of increasing CO2 and different levels of soil nitrogen applications on quality of the produce. For this rice, C3 (Oryza sativa L.) and maize, C4 (Zea mays L.) crops were grown under ambient [CO2] (380 ppm, AC) and elevated [CO2] (550 ppm, EC) using free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) with five application levels of nitrogen (N0 = No external supply, N1 = 50 kg ha-1, N2 = 100 kg ha-1, N3 =150 kg ha-1 and N4 =200 kg ha-1). Grainswere sampled at maturityand their starch, sugar, protein and mineral nutrient (N, P, K, Zn and Fe) concentrations were analyzed. Increment in grain yield due to elevated [CO2] was more in rice (~12%) as compared to maize (~7%). Similarly, the effect of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality of rice grains was higher as compared to maize grain under all nitrogen levels. Protein concentration declined both in rice and maize grain under elevated CO2 condition at all nitrogen levels as compared to its ambient CO2 counterparts. However, starch and sugar contents increased both in rice and maize grains under elevated CO2 condition at all nitrogen levels. Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron were diluted both in rice and maize under EC at all nitrogen levels. In general, the extent of changes in nutritional quality was lower in maize than in rice grain. Despite reduction in protein concentration, the grain protein yield (g pot-1) was increased both in rice and maize under EC. Data from this study indicate that CO2 fertilization has the potential to change both the quality and quantity of C3 (rice) and C4 (maize) crops.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
rice grain yield increased under elevated CO2 by ~12%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Incremente0
- Value
- ~12%e0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO2]e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increment in grain yield due to elevated [CO2] was more in rice (~12%) as compared to maize (~7%).”
e7“rice, C3 (Oryza sativa L.) and maize, C4 (Zea mays L.) crops were grown under ambient [CO2] (380 ppm, AC) and elevated [CO2] (550 ppm, EC)”
Claim · model-written summary
maize grain yield increased under elevated CO2 by ~7%.
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Incremente0
- Value
- ~7%e0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO2]e7
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increment in grain yield due to elevated [CO2] was more in rice (~12%) as compared to maize (~7%).”
e7“rice, C3 (Oryza sativa L.) and maize, C4 (Zea mays L.) crops were grown under ambient [CO2] (380 ppm, AC) and elevated [CO2] (550 ppm, EC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had a greater effect on rice grain nutritional quality than maize across nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- effect of elevated [CO2] on nutritional qualitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Similarly, the effect of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality of rice grains was higher as compared to maize grain under all nitrogen levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
rice Protein concentration declined under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 conditione2
- Outcome
- Protein concentratione2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 counterpartse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Protein concentration declined both in rice and maize grain under elevated CO2 condition at all nitrogen levels as compared to its ambient CO2 counterparts.”
Claim · model-written summary
rice starch and sugar contents increased under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 conditione3
- Outcome
- starch and sugar contentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“However, starch and sugar contents increased both in rice and maize grains under elevated CO2 condition at all nitrogen levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
rice Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron diluted under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- ECe4
- Outcome
- Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and irone4
- Direction
- dilutede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron were diluted both in rice and maize under EC at all nitrogen levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
rice grain protein yield increased under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- ECe5
- Outcome
- grain protein yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Despite reduction in protein concentration, the grain protein yield (g pot-1) was increased both in rice and maize under EC.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize Protein concentration declined under elevated CO2.
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 conditione2
- Outcome
- Protein concentratione2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 counterpartse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Protein concentration declined both in rice and maize grain under elevated CO2 condition at all nitrogen levels as compared to its ambient CO2 counterparts.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize starch and sugar contents increased under elevated CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“However, starch and sugar contents increased both in rice and maize grains under elevated CO2 condition at all nitrogen levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron diluted under elevated CO2.
- Treatment
- ECe4
- Outcome
- Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and irone4
- Direction
- dilutede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Grain nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron were diluted both in rice and maize under EC at all nitrogen levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize grain protein yield increased under elevated CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Despite reduction in protein concentration, the grain protein yield (g pot-1) was increased both in rice and maize under EC.”
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See all 159 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.