Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in the fall crop of 1990 and the spring crop of 1991 to evaluate growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L. cv. Tainung No.1) in responses to paraquat and glyphosate, with or without shielding, applied at three different times in the vegetative stage. Although weed control was improved, herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP) slightly reduced corn growth and yield relative to those of handweeding treatments, but higher than the weedy check. Without proper shielding, the growth and yield of corn was further decreased due to plant injury. Compared to the shielded ones, plant height and leaf area of unshielded corn plants at the 50% silking were declined more than 10% and 20% by paraquat and 15% and 25% by glyphosate applied at 2, 4 or 6 WAP in both 1990 and 1991. Whereas, more than 50% and 60% corn yield reductions were found by applications of paraquat and glyphosate, respectively, in the two seasons. When analyzing the yield characters, it was shown that, without shielding, ear weight and kernel weight were decreased in the spring crop. The effective plant percentage (EPP) was affected by herbicide applications, especially under unshielded conditions. Weed control practices applied as early as 2 WAP ensuing uniform tasseling and silking while glyphosate lengthened the 50% tasseling and silking dates when applied without shielding before 4 WAP. It is therefore suggested that applications of paraquat and glyphosate, if necessary, in the corn field should be with proper shieldings to eliminate corn injury. Paraquat, 1,1'-dimethy 1-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride glyphosate;N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide applications improved weed control.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP)e0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although weed control was improved, herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP) slightly reduced corn growth and yield relative to those of handweeding treatments, but higher than the weedy check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides slightly reduced corn growth and yield versus handweeding.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP)e0
- Outcome
- corn growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- handweeding treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP) slightly reduced corn growth and yield relative to those of handweeding treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-treated corn growth and yield exceeded weedy check.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP)e0
- Outcome
- corn growth and yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although weed control was improved, herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP) slightly reduced corn growth and yield relative to those of handweeding treatments, but higher than the weedy check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of shielding further decreased growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Without proper shieldinge0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without proper shielding, the growth and yield of corn was further decreased due to plant injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unshielded paraquat decreased plant height by more than 10%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- more than 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height and leaf area of unshielded corn plants at the 50% silking were declined more than 10% and 20% by paraquat”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Unshielded paraquat decreased leaf area by more than 20%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height and leaf area of unshielded corn plants at the 50% silking were declined more than 10% and 20% by paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Unshielded glyphosate decreased plant height by 15%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- shielded onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the shielded ones, plant height and leaf area of unshielded corn plants at the 50% silking were declined more than 10% and 20% by paraquat and 15% and 25% by glyphosate applied at 2, 4 or 6 WAP in both 1990 and 1991.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unshielded glyphosate decreased leaf area by 25%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- shielded onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the shielded ones, plant height and leaf area of unshielded corn plants at the 50% silking were declined more than 10% and 20% by paraquat and 15% and 25% by glyphosate applied at 2, 4 or 6 WAP in both 1990 and 1991.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat reduced corn yield by more than 50%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- more than 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 50% and 60% corn yield reductions were found by applications of paraquat and glyphosate, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced corn yield by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 50% and 60% corn yield reductions were found by applications of paraquat and glyphosate, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Without shielding, spring-crop ear and kernel weight decreased.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- without shieldinge0
- Outcome
- ear weight and kernel weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without shielding, ear weight and kernel weight were decreased in the spring crop.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides affected effective plant percentage, especially without shielding.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- effective plant percentage (EPP)e0
- Qualifier
- especially under unshielded conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effective plant percentage (EPP) was affected by herbicide applications, especially under unshielded conditions.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control at two weeks produced uniform tasseling and silking.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Weed control practices applied as early as 2 WAPe0
- Outcome
- uniform tasseling and silkinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control practices applied as early as 2 WAP ensuing uniform tasseling and silking”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Unshielded glyphosate before four weeks delayed 50% tasseling and silking.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- 50% tasseling and silking datese0
- Direction
- lengthenede0
- Qualifier
- without shielding before 4 WAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate lengthened the 50% tasseling and silking dates when applied without shielding before 4 WAP.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat and glyphosate should be properly shielded in corn fields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- should be with proper shieldings to eliminate corn injurye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of paraquat and glyphosate, if necessary, in the corn field should be with proper shieldings to eliminate corn injury.”
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