Abstract
Field investigation was made on the second crop (wet season) of 1964 at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice. A total of 15 treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with four replications. The effects of herbicide treatments on rice were evaluated by weed counts, cover estimates, weed control ratings, phytotoxicity estimates, weed weight, agronomic eharacters and grain yield. Some findings of this investigation may be summarized as follows: Ametryne and Simetryne gave best control of weeds, particularly of aquatic floating broadleaves which were apparently not killed by other chemicals. When weeds, especially grasses were rather large at time of treatment, they were not controlled by PCP-Na, MCPA and 2, 4-D. Propanil gave poor control of weeds under the conditions of this experiment. Rice was injured severely by Ametryne, PCP-Na and Simetryne. MCPCA was also found to have certain inhibitory effects on the growth of rice. Propanil and Swep were not toxic to rice under flooded condition. Broadleaved weeds, especially those of aquatics dominated the weed population of the experimental plots at the early stage of rice growth, but their position was apparently taken over by grasses at the late stage. The change in weed population was clearly reflected in weed weight which was primarily contributed by grasses. Sedges were not an important problem. Weeds hastened the heading of rice while chemical injury delayed it. Plant height and tillering ability of rice was significantly reduced at the early stage of growth. Panicle length and grain weight were not affected by herbicide treatments but weeds seemed to reduce number of grains per panicle. DBN, MCPCA, PCP-Na, Swep, Simetryne, Hydram and a mixture of Swep+ MCPA produced more grain yields than weeded check. DBN yielded 563kg or 12.0% more than weeded check and 1,320 kg or 33.6% more than weedy check, the latter being significant at 1% level. Weedy check reduced grain yield Ly 757kg or 19.3%, a difference exceeding the 5% level of probability, when compared with weeded check, indicating a serious loss of yield by weed competition. Ametryne gave the lowest yield due to the reduction of stands caused by its toxicity to rice.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryne and Simetryne gave the best control of weeds
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Ametryne and Simetrynee1
- Outcome
- best control of weedse1
- Direction
- beste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Ametryne and Simetryne gave best control of weeds, particularly of aquatic floating broadleaves which were apparently not killed by other chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryne, PCP-Na and Simetryne severely injured rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ametryne, PCP-Na and Simetrynee1
- Outcome
- Rice was injured severelye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Rice was injured severely by Ametryne, PCP-Na and Simetryne”
Claim · model-written summary
Propanil gave poor control of weeds
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Propanile1
- Outcome
- control of weedse1
- Direction
- poore1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Propanil gave poor control of weeds under the conditions of this experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
PCP-Na, MCPA and 2, 4-D did not control large grasses at the time of treatment
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PCP-Na, MCPA and 2, 4-De1
- Interactor
- grassese1weed
- Outcome
- they were not controllede1
- Qualifier
- weeds, especially grasses were rather large at time of treatmente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“When weeds, especially grasses were rather large at time of treatment, they were not controlled by PCP-Na, MCPA and 2, 4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
Propanil and Swep were not toxic to rice under flooded condition
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Propanil and Swepe1
- Outcome
- not toxic to ricee1
- Setting
- flooded conditione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Propanil and Swep were not toxic to rice under flooded condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaved weeds dominated the weed population at the early stage of rice growth and were taken over by grasses at the late stage
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of rice growthe1
- Interactor
- Broadleaved weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed populatione1
- Qualifier
- taken over by grasses at the late stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Broadleaved weeds, especially those of aquatics dominated the weed population of the experimental plots at the early stage of rice growth, but their position was apparently taken over by grasses at the late stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed weight was primarily contributed by grasses
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- grassese1weed
- Outcome
- weed weighte1
- Qualifier
- primarily contributed by grassese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“The change in weed population was clearly reflected in weed weight which was primarily contributed by grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Sedges were not an important weed problem in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- an important probleme1
CarexOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Sedges were not an important problem”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds hastened the heading of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse1weed
- Outcome
- headinge1
- Direction
- hastenede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Weeds hastened the heading of rice while chemical injury delayed it”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical injury delayed the heading of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- headinge1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Qualifier
- chemical injurye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Weeds hastened the heading of rice while chemical injury delayed it”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and tillering ability of rice were significantly reduced at the early stage of growth
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of growthe1
- Outcome
- Plant height and tillering abilitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Plant height and tillering ability of rice was significantly reduced at the early stage of growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments did not affect panicle length and grain weight of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Panicle length and grain weighte1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Panicle length and grain weight were not affected by herbicide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds seemed to reduce the number of grains per panicle of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- weedse1
- Outcome
- number of grains per paniclee1
- Direction
- reducee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“weeds seemed to reduce number of grains per panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
DBN yielded 563 kg or 12.0% more grain than the weeded check
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- DBNe1
- Outcome
- yieldede1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 563kg or 12.0%e1
- Comparator
- weeded checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“DBN yielded 563kg or 12.0% more than weeded check”
Claim · model-written summary
DBN yielded 1,320 kg or 33.6% more grain than the weedy check, significant at the 1% level
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- DBNe1
- Outcome
- yieldede1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 1,320 kg or 33.6%e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“DBN yielded 563kg or 12.0% more than weeded check and 1,320 kg or 33.6% more than weedy check, the latter being significant at 1% level”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check reduced grain yield by 757 kg or 19.3% compared with the weeded check
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Weedy checke1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 757kg or 19.3%e1
- Comparator
- weeded checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Weedy check reduced grain yield Ly 757kg or 19.3%, a difference exceeding the 5% level of probability, when compared with weeded check”
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryne gave the lowest grain yield, due to stand reduction caused by its toxicity to rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ametrynee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Qualifier
- reduction of stands caused by its toxicity to ricee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“Ametryne gave the lowest yield due to the reduction of stands caused by its toxicity to rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MCPCA, PCP-Na and Swep produced more grain yield than the weeded check
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MCPCA, PCP-Na, Swepe1
- Outcome
- produced more grain yieldse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- weeded checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“DBN, MCPCA, PCP-Na, Swep, Simetryne, Hydram and a mixture of Swep+MCPA produced more grain yields than weeded check”
Claim · model-written summary
Simetryne, Hydram and a mixture of Swep+MCPA produced more grain yield than the weeded check
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Simetryne, Hydram and a mixture of Swep+MCPAe1
- Outcome
- produced more grain yieldse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- weeded checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 herbicides and herbicide mixturers together with weedy and weeded checks for controlling weeds in rice”
e1“DBN, MCPCA, PCP-Na, Swep, Simetryne, Hydram and a mixture of Swep+MCPA produced more grain yields than weeded check”
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