Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA; 0, 15, or 30 mg/L) and abscisic acid (ABA; 0, 150, and 300 mg/L) treatments were applied alone and in combination to Sovereign Coronation (Coronation) and Skookum Seedless (Skookum) table grapes in 2013 and 2014 to assess their effects on cluster and berry size, berry composition, and sensory characteristics, alone and in combination. Two sites (Hipple, Lambert) were used for Coronation and one (Lambert) for Skookum. Trials were randomized complete block designs with factorialized treatment arrangements containing four blocks and 12-vine treatment replicates. GA was applied three times (prebloom, seven days postbloom, and 14 days postbloom). ABA was applied twice, one and two weeks preveraison). Treatments were assessed for yield components (yield, cluster weight, and berry weight), berry composition [Brix, titratable acidity (TA), pH, color intensity, and anthocyanins], and sensory variables. GA increased yield, cluster weight, and berry weight in Coronation. GA reduced Brix, color, and anthocyanins and reduced TA (both sites). ABA increased berry pH (both sites) and color intensity and anthocyanins (Hipple in 2013). Yield was reduced by GA in Skookum, but cluster weight increased in 2013. Brix and berry pH increased and TA decreased with increasing GA in Skookum, while ABA increased Brix and pH. In Coronation, GA enhanced several sensory variables (cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and juiciness at Hipple; cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavor at Lambert). ABA enhanced sensory variables (cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavor). In Skookum, GA enhanced the sensory variables (flesh firmness, fruity flavor, and juiciness), and ABA enhanced cluster attractiveness, golden color, and visual liking. GA consistently increased yield components with minimal impacts on berry composition, while ABA increased Brix, pH, color, and anthocyanins, but decreased TA.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
GA increased Coronation yield, cluster weight and berry weight.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- Coronatione0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- yield, cluster weight, and berry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA increased yield, cluster weight, and berry weight in Coronation.”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA reduced Coronation Brix, color and anthocyanins.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA reduced Brix, color, and anthocyanins and reduced TA (both sites).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA reduced Coronation TA at both sites.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA reduced Brix, color, and anthocyanins and reduced TA (both sites).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased Coronation berry pH at both sites.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ABA increased berry pH (both sites) and color intensity and anthocyanins (Hipple in 2013).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased Coronation color intensity and anthocyanins at Hipple in 2013.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- color intensity and anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
- Setting
- Hipplee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ABA increased berry pH (both sites) and color intensity and anthocyanins (Hipple in 2013).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA reduced Skookum yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Yield was reduced by GA in Skookum, but cluster weight increased in 2013.”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA increased Skookum cluster weight in 2013.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- Skookume0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- cluster weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Yield was reduced by GA in Skookum, but cluster weight increased in 2013.”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing GA increased Skookum Brix and berry pH.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- Skookume0
- Treatment
- increasing GAe0
- Outcome
- Brix and berry pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Brix and berry pH increased and TA decreased with increasing GA in Skookum”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing GA decreased Skookum TA.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Brix and berry pH increased and TA decreased with increasing GA in Skookum”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased Skookum Brix and pH.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“while ABA increased Brix and pH.”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA enhanced Coronation cluster attractiveness, color intensity and juiciness at Hipple.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- Coronatione0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and juicinesse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- Hipplee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In Coronation, GA enhanced several sensory variables (cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and juiciness at Hipple; cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavor at Lambert).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA enhanced Coronation cluster attractiveness, color intensity and labrusca flavor at Lambert.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- Coronatione0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavore0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- Lamberte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In Coronation, GA enhanced several sensory variables (cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and juiciness at Hipple; cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavor at Lambert).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA enhanced Coronation cluster attractiveness, color intensity and labrusca flavor.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavore0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ABA enhanced sensory variables (cluster attractiveness, color intensity, and labrusca flavor).”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA enhanced Skookum flesh firmness, fruity flavor and juiciness.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- Skookume0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- flesh firmness, fruity flavor, and juicinesse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In Skookum, GA enhanced the sensory variables (flesh firmness, fruity flavor, and juiciness)”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA enhanced Skookum cluster attractiveness, golden color and visual liking.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- cluster attractiveness, golden color, and visual likinge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ABA enhanced cluster attractiveness, golden color, and visual liking.”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors summarize ABA as decreasing TA.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“while ABA increased Brix, pH, color, and anthocyanins, but decreased TA.”
t0“Table Grapes”
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