Abstract
Fifty percent defoliation at berry shatter significantly reduced berry weight of Thompson Seedless grapes. Either gibberellic acid (GA3) or 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) applied to foliated vines produced significantly heavier berries than the control (no defoliation or hormones). GA3 applied to 50% defoliated vines at berry shatter yielded berries similar in weight to those from control vines, whereas, 4-CPA applied to similar vines had little effect on increasing berry weight. The barley endosperm bioassay of gibberellin (GA)-like substances revealed higher activity in berries from control vines than in berries from defoliated vines sampled one week after berry shatter. GA-like activity in young berries increased in response to exogenous GA3 application in both control and 50% defoliated vines. No measurable GA-like activity was detected in berry samples collected at véraison. Defoliation reduced the total amount of sugar (total soluble solids) per berry, but not the concentration of total soluble solids. GA3 and 4-CPA, on the other hand, significantly increased the total sugar per berry, but markedly reduced the level of total soluble solids. The concentration of arginine in mature fruit was significantly less in defoliated vines than control vines, whereas, the levels of malate, tartrate and proline did not differ significantly between these two treatments. GA3 and 4-CPA significantly increased the level of malate in mature fruits, but reduced the concentrations of proline compared to control fruits. The concentrations of tartrate and arginine in berry juice from vines treated with GA3 or 4-CPA did not differ significantly from control fruits.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced berry weight.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- Fifty percent defoliation at berry shattere0
- Outcome
- berry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“Fifty percent defoliation at berry shatter significantly reduced berry weight of Thompson Seedless grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 on foliated vines produced heavier berries than untreated controls.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“Either gibberellic acid (GA3) or 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) applied to foliated vines produced significantly heavier berries than the control (no defoliation or hormones)”
Claim · model-written summary
4-CPA on foliated vines produced heavier berries than untreated controls.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“Either gibberellic acid (GA3) or 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) applied to foliated vines produced significantly heavier berries than the control (no defoliation or hormones)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 restored berry weight on defoliated vines to the control level.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 applied to 50% defoliated vines at berry shatter yielded berries similar in weight to those from control vines”
Claim · model-written summary
4-CPA had little effect on berry weight of defoliated vines.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“4-CPA applied to similar vines had little effect on increasing berry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Control berries had higher GA-like activity than defoliated berries one week after shatter.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“higher activity in berries from control vines than in berries from defoliated vines sampled one week after berry shatter”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased GA-like activity in berries of control vines.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA-like activity in young berries increased in response to exogenous GA3 application in both control and 50% defoliated vines”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased GA-like activity in berries of defoliated vines.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA-like activity in young berries increased in response to exogenous GA3 application in both control and 50% defoliated vines”
Claim · model-written summary
No measurable GA-like activity was detected at véraison.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“No measurable GA-like activity was detected in berry samples collected at véraison”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced sugar amount per berry.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione0
- Outcome
- total amount of sugar (total soluble solids) per berrye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“Defoliation reduced the total amount of sugar (total soluble solids) per berry, but not the concentration of total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation did not change soluble-solids concentration.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“Defoliation reduced the total amount of sugar (total soluble solids) per berry, but not the concentration of total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased sugar amount per berry.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 and 4-CPA, on the other hand, significantly increased the total sugar per berry, but markedly reduced the level of total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
4-CPA increased sugar amount per berry.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 and 4-CPA, on the other hand, significantly increased the total sugar per berry, but markedly reduced the level of total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced soluble-solids level.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 and 4-CPA, on the other hand, significantly increased the total sugar per berry, but markedly reduced the level of total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
4-CPA reduced soluble-solids level.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 and 4-CPA, on the other hand, significantly increased the total sugar per berry, but markedly reduced the level of total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation lowered arginine concentration in mature fruit.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“The concentration of arginine in mature fruit was significantly less in defoliated vines than control vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Malate, tartrate and proline levels did not significantly differ between defoliated and control vines.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- these two treatmentse0
- Outcome
- levels of malate, tartrate and prolinee0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“the levels of malate, tartrate and proline did not differ significantly between these two treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 4-CPA increased malate in mature fruit.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 and 4-CPA significantly increased the level of malate in mature fruits, but reduced the concentrations of proline compared to control fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 4-CPA reduced proline concentration.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“GA3 and 4-CPA significantly increased the level of malate in mature fruits, but reduced the concentrations of proline compared to control fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Tartrate and arginine did not differ after GA3 or 4-CPA treatment.
Verbatim
t0“Thompson Seedless Grape”
e0“The concentrations of tartrate and arginine in berry juice from vines treated with GA3 or 4-CPA did not differ significantly from control fruits”
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