Abstract
SummarySodium chloride (NaCl) is the most abundant salt that contributes to soil salinity. The response of plants to excess NaCl is complex, involving changes in their morphology, physiology, and metabolism. Potassium (K) is not only an essential macronutrient for plant growth and productivity, but it is also a primary osmoticum for maintaining the low water potential of plant tissues. A pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, during the 2010 – 2011 season, to examine the potential role of K fertiliser in alleviating the deleterious effects of NaCl-salinity on some physiological and biochemical traits of two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115). The results showed that salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2) caused significant decreases in the numbers of pods per plant, the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of pods per plant, shoot DW per plant, as well as in the level of photosynthetic pigments, compared to plants irrigated with tap water (S0). A dose of 150 mg K2O kg–1 soil (K2) mitigated these harmful effects of salinity on common bean yield and on the content of photosynthetic pigments. Both salinity levels (S1 and S2) and treatment K2 caused significant increases in proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations, as well as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, relative to the corresponding control plants. In contrast, both RILs show a decrease in their phenolic compound concentrations due to salinity and/or the application of K2 compared to control plants (i.e., treatment S0K1; where K1 = 25 mg K2O kg–1 soil). The K+:Na+ ion ratio decreased significantly as the salinity level increased, and increased significantly under treatment K2. We conclude that treatment K2 mitigated the adverse effects of salinity (NaCl) through the effect of K+ ions enhancing the levels of photosynthetic pigments, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectant concentrations, and the K+:Na ion ratio, all of which were reflected in an improvement in plant performance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity of 25 mM and 50 mM NaCl significantly decreased pods per plant, and the fresh and dry weight of pods per plant, relative to tap water.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2)e2
- Outcome
- numbers of pods per plant, the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of pods per plante2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- tap water (S0)e2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2) caused significant decreases in the numbers of pods per plant, the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of pods per plant, shoot DW per plant, as well as in the level of photosynthetic pigments, compared to plants irrigated with tap water (S0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity of 25 mM and 50 mM NaCl significantly decreased shoot dry weight and photosynthetic pigment level relative to tap water.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2)e2
- Outcome
- shoot DW per plant, as well as in the level of photosynthetic pigmentse2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- tap water (S0)e2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2) caused significant decreases in the numbers of pods per plant, the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of pods per plant, shoot DW per plant, as well as in the level of photosynthetic pigments, compared to plants irrigated with tap water (S0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium at 150 mg K2O kg-1 soil mitigated the harmful effects of salinity on common bean yield and photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- 150 mg K2O kg–1 soil (K2)e2
- Outcome
- common bean yield and on the content of photosynthetic pigmentse2
- Direction
- mitigatede2
- Comparator
- salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2)e3
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“A dose of 150 mg K2O kg–1 soil (K2) mitigated these harmful effects of salinity on common bean yield and on the content of photosynthetic pigments”
e3“salinity levels of 25 mM (S1) and 50 mM NaCl (S2) caused significant decreases in the numbers of pods per plant, the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of pods per plant, shoot DW per plant, as well as in the level of photosynthetic pigments, compared to plants irrigated with tap water (S0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased proline, free amino acid and soluble carbohydrate concentrations relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- salinity levels (S1 and S2)e2
- Outcome
- proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- corresponding control plantse2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“Both salinity levels (S1 and S2) and treatment K2 caused significant increases in proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations, as well as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, relative to the corresponding control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium treatment K2 significantly increased proline, free amino acid and soluble carbohydrate concentrations relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- treatment K2e2
- Outcome
- proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- corresponding control plantse2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“Both salinity levels (S1 and S2) and treatment K2 caused significant increases in proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations, as well as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, relative to the corresponding control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- salinity levels (S1 and S2)e2
- Outcome
- peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activitiese2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- corresponding control plantse2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“Both salinity levels (S1 and S2) and treatment K2 caused significant increases in proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations, as well as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, relative to the corresponding control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium treatment K2 significantly increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- treatment K2e2
- Outcome
- peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activitiese2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- corresponding control plantse2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“Both salinity levels (S1 and S2) and treatment K2 caused significant increases in proline, free amino acid, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations, as well as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, relative to the corresponding control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both RILs showed a decrease in phenolic compound concentrations due to salinity and/or K2 application compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- salinity and/or the application of K2e2
- Outcome
- phenolic compound concentrationse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- control plantse2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“both RILs show a decrease in their phenolic compound concentrations due to salinity and/or the application of K2 compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The K+:Na+ ion ratio decreased significantly as salinity level increased.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- salinity levele2
- Outcome
- K+:Na+ ion ratioe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“The K+:Na+ ion ratio decreased significantly as the salinity level increased, and increased significantly under treatment K2”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium treatment K2 significantly increased the K+:Na+ ion ratio.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Material
- RIL 147 and RIL 115e1
- Treatment
- treatment K2e2
- Outcome
- K+:Na+ ion ratioe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt”
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e2“The K+:Na+ ion ratio decreased significantly as the salinity level increased, and increased significantly under treatment K2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest K+ ions mitigate salinity effects by enhancing pigments, antioxidant enzymes, osmoprotectants and the K+:Na+ ratio, improving plant performance.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Compound
- K+ ionse7
- Outcome
- improvement in plant performancee7
- Qualifier
- enhancing the levels of photosynthetic pigments, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectant concentrations, and the K+:Na ion ratioe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; RIL 147 and RIL 115)”
e7“through the effect of K+ ions enhancing the levels of photosynthetic pigments, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectant concentrations, and the K+:Na ion ratio, all of which were reflected in an improvement in plant performance”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.