Paper · 2014 · Trends in Biosciences/Trends in biosciences

Yield, Protein Content, Nutrient (N, P and K) Content and their Uptake in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as Influenced by Graded Levels of Fertilizers and Bio-Fertilizers

Dinesh Kumar; L. K. Arvadiya; Anita Kumawat; et al.

10
claims
19
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

A field study was undertaken during winter (rabi) season of 2013–2014 to explore the effect of graded levels of fertilizers and bio-fertilizers on yield of chickpea, protein content in chickpea seeds and nutrient uptake by the crop. Significantly higher seed and stover yields (1854, 2722 kg ha−1, respectively) were recorded with application of fertilizer @ 100% RDF (25: 50: 00, kg N: P: K ha−1). Remarkable improvements in protein content, nutrient content as well as their uptake were also observed with the treatment of 100% RDF. Various treatments of bio-fertilizers also produced significant variation on yield, protein content and nutrient content and uptake by crop. The crop sown with Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4) showed significant improvement in seed yield (1824 kg ha−1) and stover yields (2709 kg ha−1) but remained at par with Rhizobium as seed treatment + PSB as soil application (B) and Rhizobium as seed treatment+ VAM as soil application (B3). Considerable improvement in nutrient content and uptake was also noticed under Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4). Significantly higher protein content in chickpea seeds was recorded with Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4), but it remained at par with Rhizobium as seed treatment + PSB as soil application (B2) and Rhizobium as seed treatment+VAM as soil application

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF produced significantly higher chickpea seed yield of 1854 kg ha−1.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
fertilizer @ 100% RDF (25: 50: 00, kg N: P: K ha−1)e0
Outcome
seede0
Direction
highere0
Value
1854e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Significantly higher seed and stover yields (1854, 2722 kg ha−1, respectively) were recorded with application of fertilizer @ 100% RDF (25: 50: 00, kg N: P: K ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 233–397 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF produced significantly higher chickpea stover yield of 2722 kg ha−1.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
fertilizer @ 100% RDF (25: 50: 00, kg N: P: K ha−1)e0
Outcome
stover yieldse0
Direction
highere0
Value
2722 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Significantly higher seed and stover yields (1854, 2722 kg ha−1, respectively) were recorded with application of fertilizer @ 100% RDF (25: 50: 00, kg N: P: K ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 233–397 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF improved seed protein content.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
100% RDFe0
Outcome
protein contente0
Direction
improvementse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Remarkable improvements in protein content, nutrient content as well as their uptake were also observed with the treatment of 100% RDF”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 399–533 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF improved nutrient content and uptake.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
100% RDFe0
Outcome
nutrient content as well as their uptakee0
Direction
improvementse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Remarkable improvements in protein content, nutrient content as well as their uptake were also observed with the treatment of 100% RDF”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 399–533 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Biofertilizer treatments significantly varied chickpea yield, protein content, nutrient content and uptake.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Outcome
significant variation on yield, protein content and nutrient content and uptakee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Various treatments of bio-fertilizers also produced significant variation on yield, protein content and nutrient content and uptake by crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 535–674 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium and PSB seed treatment improved seed yield to 1824 kg ha−1.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatmente0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
improvemente0
Value
1824 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4) showed significant improvement in seed yield (1824 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 695–800 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium and PSB seed treatment improved stover yield to 2709 kg ha−1.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatmente0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
stover yieldse0
Direction
improvemente0
Value
2709 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4) showed significant improvement in seed yield (1824 kg ha−1) and stover yields (2709 kg ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 695–833 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed yield under combined Rhizobium and PSB seed treatment was at par with seed Rhizobium plus soil PSB and seed Rhizobium plus soil VAM.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
remained at pare0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“remained at par with Rhizobium as seed treatment + PSB as soil application (B) and Rhizobium as seed treatment+ VAM as soil application (B3)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 838–978 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium and PSB seed treatment improved nutrient content and uptake.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatmente0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
nutrient content and uptakee0
Direction
improvemente0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Considerable improvement in nutrient content and uptake was also noticed under Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 980–1104 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–103 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium and PSB seed treatment significantly increased chickpea seed protein content.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Treatment
Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatmente0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
protein contente0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Significantly higher protein content in chickpea seeds was recorded with Rhizobium and PSB both as seed treatment (B4)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1106–1224 · show in text ↑

Rhizobium · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

120 papers: 116 positive, 4 negative or no effect

115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

116 papers more in this group

See all 120 papers →

Rhizobium · nutrient: content · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

26 papers: 25 positive, 1 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

22 papers more in this group

See all 26 papers →

Rhizobium · quality: protein · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

18 papers: 18 positive, 0 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

seed treatment · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

90 papers: 82 positive, 8 negative or no effect

81 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

86 papers more in this group

See all 90 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

102 papers: 93 positive, 9 negative or no effect

92 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

98 papers more in this group

See all 102 papers →

seed treatment · quality: protein · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

fertilization · quality: protein · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

50 papers: 48 positive, 2 negative or no effect

47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

46 papers more in this group

See all 50 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

81 papers: 80 positive, 1 negative or no effect

79 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

77 papers more in this group

See all 81 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.