Abstract
Nitrogen needed by the growth and development of wheat is essential for grain yield formation.The content of chlorophyll,net photosynthetic rate in leaves,photosynthate accumulation and yield are increased with nitrogen fertilizer application.However,yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency are decreased by excessive nitrogen application.Thus appropriate nitrogen rate is essential for profitable yields and efficient nitrogen utilization.The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on photosynthetic character,sucrose synthesis in flag leaves and grain yield of wheat,for providing the theory basis on appropriate amount of nitrogen supplication in production.The field experiments were carried out on high fertile soil with organic matter 12.94 g kg-1,total nitrogen 0.78 g kg-1,alkalihydrolysable nitrogen 84 mg kg-1,available phosphorus 11.84 mg kg-1 and available potassium 83 mg kg1 in Zhongcun Village,Longkou City,China,using the cultivar Jimai 20 which has high yield and strong gluten potential.Five nitrogen treatments(N0,N1,N2,N3,N4,N5) were set,with 0,96,168,240,and 276 kg N ha-1 respectively,using urea as the nitrogen fertilizer.Half of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied before sowing,the other half topdressed at jointing stage.The treatments were supplied with 105 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 135 kg K2O ha-1 before sowing.Each treatment had three replicates,and the plot area was 3 m × 8 m = 24 m2.The basic seedlings were 150 plant m-2.The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.Net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves and biological yield increased significantly,but harvest index decreased,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were not affected significantly by applying nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1.Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.The decrease of net photosynthetic rate mainly resulted from mesophyll factor.The appropriate amount of nitrogen application under the condition of this experiment with strong gluten cultivar Jimai 20 is 168240 kg ha-1.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular CO2 concentration fell as nitrogen increased from 96 to 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance rose from 96 to 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate,stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate and sucrose-phosphate synthase activity rose from 96 to 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose synthesis rose from 96 to 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- sucrose synthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield and grain yield rose from 96 to 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- biological yield,grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency rose from 96 to 168 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that intercellular CO2 concentration decreased,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in flag leaves,sucrose synthesis,biological yield,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased with nitrogen applied form 96 to 168 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 kg ha-1, photosynthetic rate, enzyme activity and sucrose content increased significantly.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves and biological yield increased significantly,but harvest index decreased,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were not affected significantly by applying nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 kg ha-1, biological yield increased significantly.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves and biological yield increased significantly,but harvest index decreased,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were not affected significantly by applying nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 kg ha-1, harvest index decreased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves and biological yield increased significantly,but harvest index decreased,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were not affected significantly by applying nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 kg ha-1, grain yield and nitrogen efficiency did not change significantly.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthetic rate,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves and biological yield increased significantly,but harvest index decreased,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were not affected significantly by applying nitrogen of 240 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen reduced transpiration, stomatal conductance and stomatal limitation significantly.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation valuee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen reduced net photosynthetic rate significantly.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen decreased enzyme activity and sucrose content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen decreased biological yield, harvest index and grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- biological yield,harvest index,grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen decreased nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jimai 20t0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,stomatal limitation value,and net photosynthetic rate in fag leaves decreased significantly,but intercellular CO2 concentration increased,sucrose-phosphate synthase activity,sucrose content in flag leaves,biological yield,harvest index,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased by excessive nitrogen applied with 275 kg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
The net photosynthetic rate decrease was attributed mainly to a mesophyll factor.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- decrease of net photosynthetic ratee0
- Qualifier
- mesophyll factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of net photosynthetic rate mainly resulted from mesophyll factor.”
t0“Wheat Jimai 20”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 168240 kg ha-1 as the appropriate nitrogen amount for Jimai 20.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate amount of nitrogen application under the condition of this experiment with strong gluten cultivar Jimai 20 is 168240 kg ha-1.”
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