Abstract
【Objective】 In order to alleviate Zn deficiency in human beings and provide therotical basis for its bioawailability,this study was conducted to assess the effect of Zn application methods on distribution of Zn,phytate and protein in wheat pearling fractions.【Method】 A field experiment of soil and foliar application methods of Zn fertilizer was conducted for 2 winter wheat cultivars(Shaan 715 and Xinong 889) in potentially Zn-deficient calcareous soil,with four main treatments,control(CK),soil application of Zn(15 kg/hm2),foliar application of Zn(quality concentration is 3 g/L,total quantity is 1.5 kg/hm2) and soil and foliar application of Zn.Six pearling fractions(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6) of wheat grain were obtained using JMJ3 rice polishers,and P1-P5 were bran fractions of wheat grain,P6 mostly endosperm,and the concentration of Zn,phytate,protein of every wheat pearling fractions were determined.【Result】 Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the methods of soil+foliar application and foliar application of Zn increased Zn concentration in P1-P5 fractions by 53.4%,43.2%,respectively;and increased Zn concentration in P6 fraction by 61.1%,52.7%,respectively;However,soil application of Zn only did not increase.Generally,the P2 fraction(the outer 4%-8% layer of wheat grain) had the highest Zn and phytate concentrations,whereas the P3 fraction(the outer 8%-12% layer) ranked the highest for protein concentration.All the three components showed a diminishing trend as pearling progressed from the outer layers to the inner part of wheat grain.The effect of the three treatments of applying Zn on concentration of phytate in P1-P5 was not significant;however,the application of Zn increased phytate concentration in P6 and decreased the protein content in wheat pearling fractions.The phytic acid to Zn molar ratios significantly decreased under the soil+foliar application and foliar application treatments,whereas,the effect of soil application of Zn on grain Zn bioavailability was not significant.【Conclusion】 The distribution of Zn,phytate,protein in wheat grain is uneven,the concentrations of three components are higher in the outer layer especially the aleurone tissue;the lowest concentration occurs in the starchy endosperm.Zn application methods and cultivars have not positive effect on the distribution patterns of the three components between the outer and inner parts of wheat grain.Compared with the three Zn application methods,the foliar application of Zn fertilizer to wheat is the economical and effective method to attain high Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain especially for the endosperm,while alleviating Zn deficiency in human.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar zinc increased zinc concentration in bran fractions by 53.4%.
- Treatment
- soil+foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in P1-P5 fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53.4%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment(no Zn application)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the methods of soil+foliar application and foliar application of Zn increased Zn concentration in P1-P5 fractions by 53.4%,43.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc increased zinc concentration in bran fractions by 43.2%.
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zne0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in P1-P5 fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43.2%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment(no Zn application)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control treatment(no Zn application),the methods of soil+foliar application and foliar application of Zn increased Zn concentration in P1-P5 fractions by 53.4%,43.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar zinc increased endosperm zinc concentration by 61.1%.
- Treatment
- soil+foliar applicatione1
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in P6 fractione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.1%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased Zn concentration in P6 fraction by 61.1%,52.7%,respectively”
e1“the methods of soil+foliar application and foliar application of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc increased endosperm zinc concentration by 52.7%.
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zne1
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in P6 fractione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.7%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased Zn concentration in P6 fraction by 61.1%,52.7%,respectively”
e1“soil+foliar application and foliar application of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc alone did not increase grain fraction zinc concentration.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“However,soil application of Zn only did not increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The P2 fraction had the highest zinc and phytate concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- P2 fractione0
- Outcome
- Zn and phytate concentrationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the P2 fraction(the outer 4%-8% layer of wheat grain) had the highest Zn and phytate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3 fraction had the highest protein concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- P3 fractione0
- Outcome
- protein concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the P3 fraction(the outer 8%-12% layer) ranked the highest for protein concentration”
e1“Six pearling fractions(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6) of wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc, phytate and protein concentrations declined toward inner grain layers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- three componentse0
- Direction
- diminishinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the three components showed a diminishing trend as pearling progressed from the outer layers to the inner part of wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatments did not significantly change phytate concentration in bran fractions.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effect of the three treatments of applying Zn on concentration of phytate in P1-P5 was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased phytate concentration in P6.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the application of Zn increased phytate concentration in P6”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application decreased wheat fraction protein content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of Zne0
- Outcome
- protein content in wheat pearling fractionse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Zn increased phytate concentration in P6 and decreased the protein content in wheat pearling fractions”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar zinc significantly lowered phytic acid to zinc molar ratio.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The phytic acid to Zn molar ratios significantly decreased under the soil+foliar application and foliar application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc significantly lowered phytic acid to zinc molar ratio.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The phytic acid to Zn molar ratios significantly decreased under the soil+foliar application and foliar application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc alone did not significantly affect grain zinc bioavailability.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the effect of soil application of Zn on grain Zn bioavailability was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc methods and cultivars did not positively affect outer versus inner distribution patterns.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- distribution patterns of the three componentse0
- Direction
- have not positive effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application methods and cultivars have not positive effect on the distribution patterns of the three components between the outer and inner parts of wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar zinc as economical and effective for grain zinc concentration and bioavailability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- high Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar application of Zn fertilizer to wheat is the economical and effective method to attain high Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain especially for the endosperm”
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