Abstract
This study examined the optimal atmospheric CO2 concentration of the CO2 fertilization effect on the growth of winter wheat with growth chambers where the CO2 concentration was controlled at 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 ppm respectively. I found that initial increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration dramatically enhanced winter wheat growth through the CO2 fertilization effect. However, this CO2 fertilization effect was substantially compromised with further increase in CO2 concentration, demonstrating an optimal CO2 concentration of 889.6, 909.4, and 894.2 ppm for aboveground, belowground, and total biomass, respectively, and 967.8 ppm for leaf photosynthesis. Also, high CO2 concentrations exceeding the optima not only reduced leaf stomatal density, length and conductance, but also changed the spatial distribution pattern of stomata on leaves. In addition, high CO2 concentration also decreased the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc(max)) and the maximum electron transport rate (J(max)) of leaf photosynthesis. However, the high CO2 concentration had little effect on leaf length and plant height. The optimal CO2 fertilization effect found in this study can be used as an indicator in selecting and breeding new wheat strains in adapting to future high atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Initial CO2 increases enhanced winter wheat growth.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- increase in atmospheric CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- winter wheat growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“initial increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration dramatically enhanced winter wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Further CO2 increases compromised the fertilization effect.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- further increase in CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- CO2 fertilization effecte0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this CO2 fertilization effect was substantially compromised with further increase in CO2 concentration”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
aboveground
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- abovegrounde0
- Value
- 889.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal CO2 concentration of 889.6, 909.4, and 894.2 ppm for aboveground, belowground, and total biomass, respectively”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
belowground
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- belowgrounde0
- Value
- 909.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal CO2 concentration of 889.6, 909.4, and 894.2 ppm for aboveground, belowground, and total biomass, respectively”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
total biomass
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- total biomasse0
- Value
- 894.2 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal CO2 concentration of 889.6, 909.4, and 894.2 ppm for aboveground, belowground, and total biomass, respectively”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf photosynthesis
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesise0
- Value
- 967.8 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“967.8 ppm for leaf photosynthesis”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 above the optimum reduced stomatal density, length, and conductance.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2 concentrations exceeding the optimae0
- Outcome
- leaf stomatal density, length and conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- optimae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high CO2 concentrations exceeding the optima not only reduced leaf stomatal density, length and conductance”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
spatial distribution pattern of stomata on leaves
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- spatial distribution pattern of stomata on leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changed the spatial distribution pattern of stomata on leaves”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 decreased maximum carboxylation rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- maximum carboxylation rate (Vc(max))e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high CO2 concentration also decreased the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc(max))”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 decreased maximum electron transport rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- maximum electron transport rate (J(max))e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high CO2 concentration also decreased the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc(max)) and the maximum electron transport rate (J(max))”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 had little effect on leaf length or plant height.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- leaf length and plant heighte0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high CO2 concentration had little effect on leaf length and plant height”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the optimal CO2 effect as an indicator for breeding adapted wheat strains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- selecting and breeding new wheat strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can be used as an indicator in selecting and breeding new wheat strains in adapting to future high atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change”
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