Abstract
‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees are highly prone to biennial bearing and predisposed to bitter pit. The hypothesis that tank mix sprays of ethephon (ETH), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) combined with calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) can mitigate these production problems was tested in a 3-yr study. Mature ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were treated with either three or six summer applications of 150 mg L −1 ETH or 5 mg L −1 NAA, all tank-mixed with and without CaCl 2 , or two or five applications of 150 mg L −1 ACC (without CaCl 2 ). Treatments were applied at 10-d intervals and initiated between 21 and 26 June. All treatments had little effect on enhancing return bloom of ‘Honeycrisp’. NAA, ETH, and CaCl 2 all influenced fruit maturity and quality at harvest to varying degrees and across years. Fruit treated with NAA were firmer compared with untreated fruit in 2 out of 3 yr, whereas overall, fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness and were more mature. NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH, and decreased pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD). PFD increased with ETH in 1 out of 2 yr, whereas ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr. Overall, ETH and NAA, with or without CaCl 2 , had significant but inconsistent effects on fruit quality and maturity, all dependent on the year and number of applications. Adding CaCl 2 decreased fruit firmness in 2 out of 3 yr.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments had little effect on return bloom.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All treatments had little effect on enhancing return bloom of ‘Honeycrisp’”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA treated fruit were firmer than untreated fruit in two of three years.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- Fruite0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Qualifier
- 2 out of 3 yre0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit treated with NAA were firmer compared with untreated fruit in 2 out of 3 yr”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Six ETH sprays lowered fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- six sprays of ETHe0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Six ETH sprays made fruit more mature.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- six sprays of ETHe0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- more maturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness and were more mature”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA decreased preharvest fruit drop.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH, and decreased pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA influenced harvest fruit quality less than ETH.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit quality attributes at harveste0
- Direction
- less influencee0
- Comparator
- ETHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
ETH increased preharvest fruit drop in one of two years.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PFD increased with ETH in 1 out of 2 yr”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC decreased preharvest fruit drop in one of two years.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA decreased preharvest fruit drop in one of two years.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding CaCl 2 decreased fruit firmness in two of three years.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Adding CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 out of 3 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding CaCl 2 decreased fruit firmness in 2 out of 3 yr”
t0“apple”
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