Abstract
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a major pollutant in soils as a result of extensive use of fertilizers, mining and industrial discharges. Zinc (Zn) and certain bacterial species have been known to alleviate Cd toxicity in plants. In this study, the individual and combined effects of the application of Zn and Pseudomonas species with the aim of reducing Cd stress in wheat cultivars were investigated. Plants (durum wheat and bread wheat) were exposed to different concentrations of Cd and Zn, and either P. putida or P. fluorescens in a growth chamber. Concentrations of Zn, Cd, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were assayed. The addition of Zn in soils reduced the toxicity of Cd in durum wheat more than in bread wheat even though there was more uptake of Zn in bread wheat. Analysis of variance showed that by using Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas species the amounts of peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), MDA, and H 2 O 2 were reduced at three growth stages. Surprisingly, with increasing Zn concentration, Cd concentration in plant tissue was slightly increased, which suggests that adding Zn to soil could facilitate Cd desorption from soil particles. Application of Pseudomonas and Zn could be a promising solution to reduce detrimental effects of Cd, especially in durum wheat.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Zn to soil reduced the toxicity of Cd in durum wheat more than in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1 - Treatment
- addition of Zn in soilse1
- Outcome
- toxicity of Cde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- bread wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The addition of Zn in soils reduced the toxicity of Cd in durum wheat more than in bread wheat even though there was more uptake of Zn in bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bread wheat took up more Zn than durum wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- uptake of Zne1
- Direction
- moree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The addition of Zn in soils reduced the toxicity of Cd in durum wheat more than in bread wheat even though there was more uptake of Zn in bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas species reduced peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) at three growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas speciese2
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO)e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of wheat”
e2“Analysis of variance showed that by using Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas species the amounts of peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), MDA, and H 2 O 2 were reduced at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas species reduced MDA and H 2 O 2 at three growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas speciese2
- Outcome
- MDA, and H 2 O 2e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of wheat”
e2“Analysis of variance showed that by using Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas species the amounts of peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), MDA, and H 2 O 2 were reduced at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing Zn concentration, Cd concentration in plant tissue slightly increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing Zn concentratione3
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in plant tissuee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- slightlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of wheat”
e3“Surprisingly, with increasing Zn concentration, Cd concentration in plant tissue was slightly increased, which suggests that adding Zn to soil could facilitate Cd desorption from soil particles”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Zn to soil could facilitate Cd desorption from soil particles.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- adding Zn to soile3
- Outcome
- Cd desorption from soil particlese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Responses of wheat”
e3“Surprisingly, with increasing Zn concentration, Cd concentration in plant tissue was slightly increased, which suggests that adding Zn to soil could facilitate Cd desorption from soil particles”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas and Zn could be a promising solution to reduce detrimental effects of Cd in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume4
- Outcome
- reduce detrimental effects of Cde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Application of Pseudomonas and Zn could be a promising solution to reduce detrimental effects of Cd, especially in durum wheat”
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See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.