Abstract
AGD2-LIKE DEFENCE RESPONSE PROTEIN 1 (ALD1) triggers plant defence against bacterial and fungal pathogens by regulating the salicylic acid (SA) pathway and an unknown SA-independent pathway. We now show that Nicotiana benthamiana ALD1 is involved in defence against a virus and that the ethylene pathway also participates in ALD1-mediated resistance. NbALD1 was up-regulated in plants infected with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Silencing of NbALD1 facilitated TuMV infection, while overexpression of NbALD1 or exogenous application of pipecolic acid (Pip), the downstream product of ALD1, enhanced resistance to TuMV. The SA content was lower in NbALD1-silenced plants and higher where NbALD1 was overexpressed or following Pip treatments. SA mediated resistance to TuMV and was required for NbALD1-mediated resistance. However, on NahG plants (in which SA cannot accumulate), Pip treatment still alleviated susceptibility to TuMV, further demonstrating the presence of an SA-independent resistance pathway. The ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), accumulated in NbALD1-silenced plants but was reduced in plants overexpressing NbALD1 or treated with Pip. Silencing of ACS1, a key gene in the ethylene pathway, alleviated the susceptibility of NbALD1-silenced plants to TuMV, while exogenous application of ACC compromised the resistance of Pip-treated or NbALD1 transgenic plants. The results indicate that NbALD1 mediates resistance to TuMV by positively regulating the resistant SA pathway and negatively regulating the susceptible ethylene pathway.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection upregulated NbALD1.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Interactor
- turnip mosaic virus
Turnip mosaic viruse0pathogen - Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- NbALD1e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NbALD1 was up-regulated in plants infected with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbALD1 silencing facilitated TuMV infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing of NbALD1e0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- TuMV infectione0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbALD1 facilitated TuMV infection”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbALD1 overexpression enhanced TuMV resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- overexpression of NbALD1e0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to TuMVe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of NbALD1 or exogenous application of pipecolic acid (Pip), the downstream product of ALD1, enhanced resistance to TuMV”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied pipecolic acid enhanced TuMV resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of pipecolic acid (Pip)e0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to TuMVe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of pipecolic acid (Pip), the downstream product of ALD1, enhanced resistance to TuMV”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbALD1 silencing lowered SA content.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbALD1-silencede0
- Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- SA contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA content was lower in NbALD1-silenced plants”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbALD1 overexpression raised SA content.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbALD1 was overexpressede0
- Outcome
- SA contente1
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher where NbALD1 was overexpressed”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“SA content was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Pip treatment raised SA content.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Pip treatmentse0
- Outcome
- SA contente1
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher where NbALD1 was overexpressed or following Pip treatments”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“SA content was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
SA mediated TuMV resistance and was required for NbALD1-mediated resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- resistance to TuMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA mediated resistance to TuMV and was required for NbALD1-mediated resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pip alleviated TuMV susceptibility even in NahG plants lacking SA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Material
- NahG plantse0
- Treatment
- Pip treatmente0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility to TuMVe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on NahG plants (in which SA cannot accumulate), Pip treatment still alleviated susceptibility to TuMV”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC accumulated in NbALD1-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), accumulated in NbALD1-silenced plants”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC was reduced by NbALD1 overexpression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- overexpressing NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- ACCe1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced in plants overexpressing NbALD1 or treated with Pip”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“acid (ACC), accumulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Pip treatment reduced ACC.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- treated with Pipe0
- Outcome
- ACCe1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced in plants overexpressing NbALD1 or treated with Pip”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“acid (ACC), accumulated”
Claim · model-written summary
ACS1 silencing alleviated susceptibility of NbALD1-silenced plants to TuMV.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing of ACS1e0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- ACS1e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility of NbALD1-silenced plants to TuMVe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of ACS1, a key gene in the ethylene pathway, alleviated the susceptibility of NbALD1-silenced plants to TuMV”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC application compromised resistance of Pip-treated or NbALD1 transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- resistance of Pip-treated or NbALD1 transgenic plantse0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of ACC compromised the resistance of Pip-treated or NbALD1 transgenic plants”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer NbALD1 promotes SA defense and suppresses the susceptible ethylene pathway.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- TuMVTurnip mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbALD1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to TuMVe0
- Qualifier
- positively regulating the resistant SA pathway and negatively regulating the susceptible ethylene pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NbALD1 mediates resistance to TuMV by positively regulating the resistant SA pathway and negatively regulating the susceptible ethylene pathway”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Turnip mosaic virus · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
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